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Incaland
Incaland

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Incaland is here in full — 25 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.
Preface.
Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War1879-1883a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.
Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.
Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Incaland

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Incaland is here in full — 25 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.
Line 2
Preface.
/ˈprefəs/
Line 3
Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War1879-1883a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.
Line 4
Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.
/ˈmɪləteri ˈruːlərz hæv ˈjiːldɪd pleɪs tuː men ˈtʃoʊzən frʌm ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔːks ʌv laɪf ðə lɑːrdʒ ˈstændɪŋ ˈɑːrmi hæz bɪn dɪsˈbændɪd ənd ðə pɪk hoʊ ənd ˈʃʌvəl ˌriːˈpleɪs sɔːrd ˈbeɪənet ənd ˈraɪfəl/
Line 5
Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.
/pərˈuːz dɪˈklaɪn frʌm ðə deɪz ʌv pɪˈzɑːroʊ ənˈtɪl nɪr ðə kloʊs ʌv ðə ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri wɑːz duː tuː ðə iːz wɪð wɪtʃ ˈnætʃərəl welθ kʊd biː əˈkwaɪərd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bayonet noun US /ˈbeɪənet/

a knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon

From this reading “Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.”

disbanded verb US /dɪsˈbændɪd/

past form of “disband” — cause to break up or cease to function

From this reading “Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.”

hoe noun US /hoʊ/

a tool with a flat blade attached at right angles to a long handle

From this reading “Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.”

Incas noun US /ˈɪŋkəz/

plural of “inca” — a ruler of the Incas (or a member of his family)

From this reading “Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.”

Peru's noun US /pərˈuːz/

possessive form of “peru” — a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries

Pizarro noun US /pɪˈzɑːroʊ/

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)

From this reading “Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.”

rulers noun US /ˈruːlərz/

plural of “ruler” — a person who rules or commands

From this reading “Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.”

Wilde noun US /waɪld/

Irish writer and wit (1854-1900)

From this reading “See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

nineteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.”

standing army adjective + noun

a permanent army of paid soldiers

In this reading “Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.”

come over verb + particle

communicate the intended meaning or impression

In this reading “Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.”

over the land preposition + article + noun counted as “over … land”

In this reading “Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.”

ease with verb + particle

In this reading “Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1879

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

1883

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

bayonetnounUS /ˈbeɪənet/

a knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

BostonnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

ChicagonounUS /ʃəˈkɑːɡoʊ/

largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

Chile-Peruvian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

declineverbUS /dɪˈklaɪn/

grow worse

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

disbandedverbUS /dɪsˈbændɪd/

past form of “disband” — cause to break up or cease to function

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

hoenounUS /hoʊ/

a tool with a flat blade attached at right angles to a long handle

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

https

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

INCALAND

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

IncasnounUS /ˈɪŋkəz/

plural of “inca” — a ruler of the Incas (or a member of his family)

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

MilitaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

Peru'snounUS /pərˈuːz/

possessive form of “peru” — a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

pickverbUS /pɪk/

select carefully from a group

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

PizarronounUS /pɪˈzɑːroʊ/

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

PrefacenounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading Preface.

replaceverbUS /ˌriːˈpleɪs/

substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

rifleverbUS /ˈraɪfəl/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

rulersnounUS /ˈruːlərz/

plural of “ruler” — a person who rules or commands

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

shovelnounUS /ˈʃʌvəl/

a hand tool for lifting loose material; consists of a curved container or scoop and a handle

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

walksnounUS /wɔːks/

plural of “walk” — the act of traveling by foot

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

WildenounUS /waɪld/

Irish writer and wit (1854-1900)

From this reading See https:// Boston and Chicago W. A. Wilde Company INCALAND.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Peru’s decline, from the days of Pizarro until near the close of the nineteenth century, was due to the ease with which natural wealth could be acquired.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Since the years of the Chile-Peruvian War—1879-1883—a great change has come over the land where the Incas once held power.

yieldedverbUS /ˈjiːldɪd/

past form of “yield” — be the cause or source of

From this reading Military rulers have yielded place to men chosen from the civil walks of life; the large standing army has been disbanded, and the pick, hoe, and shovel replace sword, bayonet, and rifle.

Chapter 1 of Incaland by Claude H. Wetmore holds 25 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Incaland contain?

Chapter 1 holds 25 sentences of Incaland, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Incaland by Claude H. Wetmore exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 25 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Incaland?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Incaland

Common questions about reading Incaland by Claude H. Wetmore on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Incaland?

Yes. All 3547 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53204 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Incaland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53204, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Incaland take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 710 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Incaland section by section

How to work through Incaland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Incaland to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Incaland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Incaland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incaland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incaland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chicago
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incaland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wilde
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incaland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.