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Incidents of the War
Incidents of the War

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Incidents of the War is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.
LETTER FROM CHEAT MOUNTAIN.
Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.
The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.
Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Incidents of the War

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Incidents of the War is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.
/ˈletər frʌm tʃiːt ˈmaʊntən ðə ˈwɪmən ʌv ðə saʊθ ˈɡɪlbərts brəˈɡeɪd/
Line 2
LETTER FROM CHEAT MOUNTAIN.
/ˈletər frʌm tʃiːt ˈmaʊntən/
Line 3
Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.
Line 4
The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.
Line 5
Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admonishing adjective US /ædˈmɑːnɪʃɪŋ/

expressing reproof or reproach especially as a corrective

From this reading “The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.”

barren adjective US /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading “The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.”

Brigade noun US /brəˈɡeɪd/

army unit smaller than a division

From this reading “Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.”

bronzed adjective US /brɑːnzd/

(of skin) having a tan color from exposure to the sun

From this reading “The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.”

Cheat verb US /tʃiːt/

deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading “Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.”

Gilbert's noun US /ˈɡɪlbərts/

possessive form of “gilbert” — a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading “Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.”

location noun US /loʊˈkeɪʃən/

a point or extent in space

From this reading “Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.”

Ohio noun US /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading “Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1861

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.

6th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

addingverbUS /ˈædɪŋ/

-ing form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

admonishingadjectiveUS /ædˈmɑːnɪʃɪŋ/

expressing reproof or reproach especially as a corrective

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

BrigadenounUS /brəˈɡeɪd/

army unit smaller than a division

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

bronzedadjectiveUS /brɑːnzd/

(of skin) having a tan color from exposure to the sun

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

CampnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.

CheatverbUS /tʃiːt/

deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

cheerlessadjective

causing sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

chillnounUS /tʃɪl/

coldness due to a cold environment

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

despoiling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

drearadjective

causing dejection

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

Elkwater

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

Gilbert'snounUS /ˈɡɪlbərts/

possessive form of “gilbert” — a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

huenounUS /hjuː/

the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

LetternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

locationnounUS /loʊˈkeɪʃən/

a point or extent in space

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

MountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

OhionounUS /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The trees begin to look barren, the bronzed hue of the surrounding hills admonishing us that October, chill and drear, is upon us.

Vanoun

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading Camp of 6th Ohio, at Elkwater, Va., 1861.

wastenounUS /weɪst/

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Every thing in nature is cheerless, and, adding to nature, man has, with despoiling hands, laid waste the country for miles about our present location.

WomennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Letter from Cheat Mountain -- The Women of the South -- Gilbert's Brigade.

Chapter 13 of Incidents of the War by Alfred Burnett holds 77 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Incidents of the War contain?

Chapter 13 holds 77 sentences of Incidents of the War, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Incidents of the War by Alfred Burnett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 77 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Incidents of the War?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Incidents of the War

Common questions about reading Incidents of the War by Alfred Burnett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Incidents of the War?

Yes. All 3569 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23733 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Incidents of the War is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23733, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Incidents of the War take to read?

About 297 minutes of reading across 714 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Incidents of the War section by section

How to work through Incidents of the War section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Incidents of the War

Words and structures a reader meets early in Incidents of the War, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Missing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of the War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of the War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Right
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of the War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of the War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.