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Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2
Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 is here in full — 246 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.
EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.
The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.
When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.
I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 is here in full — 246 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.
Line 2
EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.
Line 3
The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.
Line 4
When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.
Line 5
I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battle's noun US /ˈbætəlz/

possessive form of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading “When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.”

Cannibals noun US /ˈkænəbəlz/

plural of “cannibal” — a person who eats human flesh

From this reading “The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.”

combining noun US /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/

an occurrence that results in things being united

From this reading “When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.”

despotism noun US /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading “The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.”

elite noun US /ɪˈliːt/

a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status

From this reading “When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.”

Equipments noun US /ɪˈkwɪpmənts/

plural of “equipment” — an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service

From this reading “The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.”

nominally adverb US /ˈnɑːmənəli/

in name only

From this reading “The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.”

Potemkin noun US /pəˈtemkɪn/

a Russian officer and politician who was a favorite of Catherine II and in 1762 helped her to seize power; when she visited the Crimea in 1787 he gave the order for sham villages to be built (1739-1791)

From this reading “The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sixty thousand adjective + noun

In this reading “The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.”

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.”

hundred thousand noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the fifth power of ten

In this reading “The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.”

six hundred noun + noun

In this reading “The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.”

far surpassing adverb + adjective

In this reading “When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.”

military bearing noun + noun

In this reading “When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.”

at home preposition + noun

a reception held in your own home

In this reading “When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.”

about twelve preposition + noun

In this reading “EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.”

All words in this reading · 151

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

amountingverbUS /əˈmaʊntɪŋ/

-ing form of “amount” — be tantamount or equivalent to

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

armournounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

ArmynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

attendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

barbaricadjectiveUS /bɑːrˈbærɪk/

without civilizing influences

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

battle'snounUS /ˈbætəlz/

possessive form of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

Berezina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

CannibalsnounUS /ˈkænəbəlz/

plural of “cannibal” — a person who eats human flesh

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

chivalrynounUS /ˈʃɪvəlri/

courtesy towards women

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

combiningnounUS /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/

an occurrence that results in things being united

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

costlinessnoun

the quality possessed by something with a great price or value

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

despotismnounUS /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

DisastrousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

EARLYadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

elitenounUS /ɪˈliːt/

a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

emperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

equipmentnounUS /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

EquipmentsnounUS /ɪˈkwɪpmənts/

plural of “equipment” — an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

establishmentnounUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

exceptingverbUS /ˌekˈseptɪŋ/

-ing form of “except” — take exception to

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

fourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

glitteringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ/

having brief brilliant points or flashes of light

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

Grand-duke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

martialadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

MichaelnounUS /ˈmaɪkəl/

(Old Testament) the guardian archangel of the Jews

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

MilitianounUS /məˈlɪʃə/

civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

millionnounUS /ˈmɪljən/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

New-York

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

ninety-seventh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

nominallyadverbUS /ˈnɑːmənəli/

in name only

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

PalacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

paradenounUS /pərˈeɪd/

a ceremonial procession including people marching

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

parade-ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

PassagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

paymasternoun

a person in charge of paying wages

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

Petersburgh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

PolandnounUS /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

PotemkinnounUS /pəˈtemkɪn/

a Russian officer and politician who was a favorite of Catherine II and in 1762 helped her to seize power; when she visited the Crimea in 1787 he gave the order for sham villages to be built (1739-1791)

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

promotedverbUS /prəˈmoʊtɪd/

past form of “promote” — contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

RetreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

ReviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

RewardnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrd/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

RidingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

RoughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

Soldier'snounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

possessive form of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

sublimeadjectiveUS /səˈblaɪm/

inspiring awe

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

surpassingadjectiveUS /sərˈpæsɪŋ/

exceeding or surpassing usual limits especially in excellence

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

TravellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

valiantadjUS /ˈvæl.jənt/

Possessing or showing courage or determination; heroic. (Dũng cảm, quả cảm, anh hùng.)

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

versts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

Vitepsk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Soldier's Reward.--Review of the Russian Army.--American Cannibals.--Palace of Potemkin.--Palace of the Grand-duke Michael.--Equipments for Travelling.--Rough Riding.--Poland.--Vitepsk.--Napoleon in Poland.--The Disastrous Retreat.--Passage of the Berezina.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading EARLY the next morning I went out about twelve versts from the city to attend a grand military review by the emperor in person.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The government of Russia is a military despotism, and her immense army, nominally amounting to a million, even on the peace establishment numbers actually six hundred thousand, of which sixty thousand follow the person of the emperor, and were at that time under arms at St. Petersburgh.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When I rode on the parade-ground, the spectacle of this great army, combining the elite of barbaric chivalry with soldiers trained in the best schools of European discipline, drawn up in battle's stern array, and glittering with steel, was brilliant and almost sublime; in numbers and military bearing, in costliness of armour and equipment, far surpassing any martial parade that I had seen, not excepting a grand review of French troops at Paris, or even a _fourth of July parade at home_.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I once had the honour to be a paymaster in the valiant one hundred and ninety-seventh regiment of New-York State Militia; and I can say what, perhaps, no other man who ever served in our _army_ can say, that I served out my whole term without being once promoted.

Chapter 9 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 by John L. Stephens holds 246 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 contain?

Chapter 9 holds 246 sentences of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 by John L. Stephens exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 246 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2

Common questions about reading Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 by John L. Stephens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Which edition of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37947, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 take to read?

About 190 minutes of reading across 458 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 section by section

How to work through Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Choice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Conveyance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hiring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Servant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.