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Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2
Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
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Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.
SUNDAY at WARSHAW.
Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.
So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.
During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.
Line 2
SUNDAY at WARSHAW.
Line 3
Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.
/ˈpoʊlənd ɪz dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt əˈbʌv ðə ˈʌðər ˈneɪʃənz ʌv ˈjʊrəp æz ə lænd ʌv rɪˈlɪdʒəs ˌtɑːlərˈeɪʃən/
Line 4
So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.
Line 5
During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Baptized adjective US /bæpˈtaɪzd/

having undergone the Christian ritual of baptism

From this reading “Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.”

deities noun US /ˈdiːətiz/

plural of “deity” — any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading “So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.”

dynasty noun US /ˈdaɪnəsti/

a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family

From this reading “During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.”

idolatry noun US /aɪˈdɑːlətri/

the worship of idols; the worship of physical objects or images as gods

From this reading “So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.”

Pluto noun US /ˈpluːtoʊ/

a cartoon character created by Walt Disney

From this reading “So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.”

Poland noun US /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading “Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.”

toleration noun US /ˌtɑːlərˈeɪʃən/

a disposition to tolerate or accept people or situations

From this reading “Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.”

Warsaw noun US /ˈwɔːrsɔː/

the capital and largest city of Poland; located in central Poland

From this reading “Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

tenth century noun + noun

In this reading “So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.”

latter part adjective + noun

In this reading “So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.”

mingled with verb + particle counted as “mingle with”

In this reading “So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.”

other nations adjective + noun counted as “other nation”

In this reading “Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.”

own country verb + noun

In this reading “So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.”

reign of verb + particle

In this reading “During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading SUNDAY at WARSHAW.

BaptizedadjectiveUS /bæpˈtaɪzd/

having undergone the Christian ritual of baptism

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

ChristianitynounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

deitiesnounUS /ˈdiːətiz/

plural of “deity” — any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

DeparturenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

DiananounUS /daɪˈænə/

English aristocrat who was the first wife of Prince Charles; her death in an automobile accident in Paris produced intense national mourning (1961-1997)

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

dynastynounUS /ˈdaɪnəsti/

a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family

From this reading During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

FieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

grossadjectiveUS /ɡroʊs/

before any deductions

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

idolatrynounUS /aɪˈdɑːlətri/

the worship of idols; the worship of physical objects or images as gods

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

JewsnounUS /dʒuːz/

plural of “jew” — a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

JupiternounUS /ˈdʒuːpətər/

the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

KingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

MarsnounUS /mɑːrz/

a small reddish planet that is the 4th from the sun and is periodically visible to the naked eye; minerals rich in iron cover its surface and are responsible for its characteristic color

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

Mieczylaus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

mingledverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

monksnounUS /mʌŋks/

plural of “monk” — a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

pagannounUS /ˈpeɪɡən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

PalacesnounUS /ˈpæləsəz/

plural of “palace” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

PassportnounUS /ˈpæspɔːrt/

any authorization to pass or go somewhere

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

Piast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

PlutonounUS /ˈpluːtoʊ/

a cartoon character created by Walt Disney

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

PolandnounUS /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

PolesnounUS /poʊlz/

plural of “pole” — a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

PolishnounUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

the property of being smooth and shiny

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

RachelnounUS /ˈreɪtʃəl/

(Old Testament) the second wife of Jacob and mother of Joseph and Benjamin

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading During the reign of Mieczylaus I. of the Piast dynasty, the monks introduced Christianity.

ReligionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

ritesnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “rite” — an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

Sobieski

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

tenthnounUS /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

tolerationnounUS /ˌtɑːlərˈeɪʃən/

a disposition to tolerate or accept people or situations

From this reading Poland is distinguished above the other nations of Europe as a land of religious toleration.

TroublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

VenusnounUS /ˈviːnəs/

the second nearest planet to the sun

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

Visiter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

Vola

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

WarriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

WarsawnounUS /ˈwɔːrsɔː/

the capital and largest city of Poland; located in central Poland

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

WARSHAW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SUNDAY at WARSHAW.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

worshippedadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrʃəpt/

regarded with deep or rapturous love (especially as if for a god)

From this reading So late as the latter part of the tenth century, the religion of Poland was a gross idolatry; and, mingled with the rites of their own country, they worshipped, under other names, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, Venus, Diana, and others of the pagan deities.

WrecknounUS /rek/

something or someone that has suffered ruin or dilapidation

From this reading Religion of Poland.--Sunday in Warsaw.--Baptized Jews.--Palaces of the Polish Kings.--Sobieski.--Field of Vola.--Wreck of a Warrior.--The Poles in America.--A Polish Lady.--Troubles of a Passport.--Departure from Warsaw.--An official Rachel.--A mysterious Visiter.

Chapter 12 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 by John L. Stephens holds 170 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 contain?

Chapter 12 holds 170 sentences of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 by John L. Stephens exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 170 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2

Common questions about reading Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 by John L. Stephens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 2290 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37947 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37947, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 take to read?

About 190 minutes of reading across 458 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 section by section

How to work through Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Choice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Conveyance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hiring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Servant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.