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Indiana
Indiana

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Indiana is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Indiana
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.
It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.
I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.
Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.
I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Indiana

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Indiana is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.
Line 2
It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.
/ɪt wɑːz maɪ fɜːrst ˈnɑːvəl aɪ roʊt ɪt wɪˈθaʊt ˈeni fɪkst plæn ˈhævɪŋ noʊ ˈθɪri ʌv ɑːrt ɔːr fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi ɪn maɪ maɪnd/
Line 3
I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.
Line 4
Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.
/sʌm ˈpiːpəl tʃoʊz tuː siː ɪn ðə bʊk ə dɪˈlɪbərət ˈɑːrɡjəmənt əˈɡenst ˈmerɪdʒ/
Line 5
I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.
/aɪ wɑːz nɑːt soʊ æmˈbɪʃəs ənd aɪ wɑːz sərˈpraɪzd tuː ðə læst dɪˈɡriː æt ɔːl ðə faɪn θɪŋz ðæt ðə ˈkrɪtɪks faʊnd tuː seɪ kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ maɪ səbˈvɜːrsɪv ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confirm verb US /kənˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading “I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.”

critics noun US /ˈkrɪtɪks/

plural of “critic” — a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading “I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.”

deliberate adjective US /dɪˈlɪbərət/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading “Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.”

Indiana noun US /ˌɪndiˈænə/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading “I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.”

instincts noun US /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading “I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.”

serves noun US /sɜːrvz/

plural of “serve” — (sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play

From this reading “I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.”

subversive noun US /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

a radical supporter of political or social revolution

From this reading “I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.”

tendencies noun US /ˈtendənsiz/

plural of “tendency” — an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading “I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

natural tendencies adjective + noun counted as “natural tendency”

In this reading “I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.”

last degree adjective + noun

In this reading “I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.”

fine things adjective + noun

In this reading “I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.”

Some people adjective + noun

In this reading “Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.”

at the age preposition + article + noun counted as “at … age”

In this reading “I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1831

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

ambitiousadjectiveUS /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

confirmverbUS /kənˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

criticsnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪks/

plural of “critic” — a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

deliberateadjectiveUS /dɪˈlɪbərət/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

IndiananounUS /ˌɪndiˈænə/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.

instinctsnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

servesnounUS /sɜːrvz/

plural of “serve” — (sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some people chose to see in the book a deliberate argument against marriage.

subversivenounUS /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

a radical supporter of political or social revolution

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

tendenciesnounUS /ˈtendənsiz/

plural of “tendency” — an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading I was not so ambitious, and I was surprised to the last degree at all the fine things that the critics found to say concerning my subversive purposes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading It was my first novel; I wrote it without any fixed plan, having no theory of art or philosophy in my mind.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading I was at the age when one writes with one's instincts, and when reflection serves only to confirm our natural tendencies.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading I wrote Indiana during the autumn of 1831.

Chapter 1 of Indiana by George Sand holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Indiana contain?

Chapter 1 holds 412 sentences of Indiana, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Indiana by George Sand exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Indiana?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Indiana

Common questions about reading Indiana by George Sand on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Indiana?

Yes. All 4106 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63445 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Indiana is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63445, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Indiana take to read?

About 342 minutes of reading across 822 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Indiana section by section

How to work through Indiana section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Indiana to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Indiana

Words and structures a reader meets early in Indiana, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wrote
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Indiana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indiana
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Indiana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
During
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Indiana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Autumn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Indiana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.