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Initial Studies in American Letters
Initial Studies in American Letters

Chapter IV

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
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THE CONCORD WRITERS.
1837-1861.
There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.
This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.
The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Initial Studies in American Letters

Chapter IV

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CONCORD WRITERS.
Line 2
1837-1861.
Line 3
There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.
Line 4
This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.
Line 5
The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.”

Beginning noun US /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.”

Mind noun US /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.”

Name noun US /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.”

Second noun US /second/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."”

Strength noun US /ˈstrength/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1837

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1837-1861.

1842

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

1861

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1837-1861.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

agitation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

American

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

antislavery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

beginningnounUS /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

Channing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

civil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

coherence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

CONCORD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CONCORD WRITERS.

Emerson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

England

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

enough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

enthusiasms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

genius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

group

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

humanitarian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

intellectual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

later

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

literature

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

merit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

mindnounUS /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

movement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

movements

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

namenounUS /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

New

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

phase

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

ran

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

religion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

revolt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

school

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

second

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

series

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

social

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

spent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

stage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

strengthnounUS /ˈstrength/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

tendency

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CONCORD WRITERS.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

times

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

transcendentalism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

Unitarianism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

war

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was the great humanitarian movement, or series of movements, in New England, which, beginning in the Unitarianism of Channing, ran through its later phase in transcendentalism, and spent its last strength in the antislavery agitation and the enthusiasms of the civil war.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There has been but one movement in the history of the American mind which has given to literature a group of writers having coherence enough to merit the name of a school.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."

WRITERS

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From this reading THE CONCORD WRITERS.

wrote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second stage of this intellectual and social revolt was transcendentalism, of which Emerson wrote, in 1842: "The history of genius and of religion in these times will be the history of this tendency."