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Initial Studies in American Letters
Initial Studies in American Letters

Chapter V

Cover illustration for Initial Studies in American Letters
Context Illustration Reading 1/74 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOLARS.
1837-1861.
With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.
And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.
Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Initial Studies in American Letters

Chapter V

Reading 1/74 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOLARS.
Line 2
1837-1861.
Line 3
With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.
Line 4
And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.
Line 5
Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.”

Poor noun US /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.”

All words in this reading · 41

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1837

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From this reading 1837-1861.

1861

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From this reading 1837-1861.

American

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From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

CAMBRIDGE

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From this reading THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOLARS.

centers

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From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.

cities

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From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

college

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From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

colleges

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From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.

commonly

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From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.

exceptions

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From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

few

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From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

graduates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

literary

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From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.

literature

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From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

Most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.

poornounUS /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

provincial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

SCHOLARS

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From this reading THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOLARS.

situated

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From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

small

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOLARS.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.

towns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of them have been small and poor, and situated in little towns or provincial cities.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With few exceptions, the men who have made American literature what it is have been college graduates.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading And yet our colleges have not commonly been, in themselves, literary centers.