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Innocent
Innocent

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Innocent is here in full — 151 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Innocent
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AN UNPOPULAR WEDDING.
The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.
The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.
Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.
Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Innocent

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Innocent is here in full — 151 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN UNPOPULAR WEDDING.
/æn ˌʌnˈpɑːpjələr ˈwedɪŋ/
Line 2
The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.
/ðə ˈmerɪdʒ ʌv ˈɪnəsənt tʊk pleɪs ɑːn wʌn ʌv ðə fɜːrst deɪz ʌv ˈfebjəweri ə deɪ ʌv ðə ˈsiːzənəbəl kaɪnd wɪð blæk skaɪz ə dɑːrk ɡreɪ ˈætməsfɪr ənd əˈkeɪʒənəl ˈdaʊnpɔːrz ʌv ˈstedi reɪn/
Line 3
The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.
Line 4
Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.
Line 5
Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.
/hɜːr hed druːpt ə ˈlɪtəl hɜːr tʃiːks wɜːr nɑːt mʌtʃ les peɪl ðæn hɜːr dres/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bridal adjective US /ˈbraɪdəl/

of or relating to a wedding

From this reading “Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.”

costly adjective US /ˈkɑːstli/

entailing great loss or sacrifice

From this reading “The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.”

downpours noun US /ˈdaʊnpɔːrz/

plural of “downpour” — a heavy rain

From this reading “The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.”

drooped verb US /druːpt/

past form of “droop” — droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness

From this reading “Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.”

penetrated verb US /ˈpenətreɪtɪd/

past form of “penetrate” — pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading “The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.”

procured verb US /proʊˈkjʊrd/

past form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading “The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.”

seasonable adjective US /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

in keeping with the season

From this reading “The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.”

unpopular adjective US /ˌʌnˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with disfavor or lacking general approval

From this reading “AN UNPOPULAR WEDDING.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

took place verb + noun counted as “take place”

come to pass

In this reading “The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.”

dark gray noun + noun

In this reading “The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.”

procured for verb + particle counted as “procure for”

In this reading “The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN UNPOPULAR WEDDING.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

bonesnounUS /boʊnz/

(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

bridaladjectiveUS /ˈbraɪdəl/

of or relating to a wedding

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

cheeksnounUS /tʃiːks/

plural of “cheek” — either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

costlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːstli/

entailing great loss or sacrifice

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

downpoursnounUS /ˈdaʊnpɔːrz/

plural of “downpour” — a heavy rain

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

droopedverbUS /druːpt/

past form of “droop” — droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

InnocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

penetratedverbUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪd/

past form of “penetrate” — pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

procuredverbUS /proʊˈkjʊrd/

past form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

rawadjectiveUS /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

roomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

seasonableadjectiveUS /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

in keeping with the season

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

skiesnounUS /skaɪz/

plural of “sky” — the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

snowdrops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

steadyverbUS /ˈstedi/

make steady

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

UNPOPULARadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with disfavor or lacking general approval

From this reading AN UNPOPULAR WEDDING.

veilnounUS /veɪl/

a garment that covers the head and face

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

WEDDINGnounUS /ˈwedɪŋ/

the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performed

From this reading AN UNPOPULAR WEDDING.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Her head drooped a little, her cheeks were not much less pale than her dress.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The raw cold penetrated to one’s bones and one’s heart, and even the show of costly flowers which had been procured for the occasion failed to make the rooms look cheerful.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Innocent herself, in her white bridal dress and veil, was like the snowdrops.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The marriage of Innocent took place on one of the first days of February, a day of the “seasonable” kind, with black skies, a dark gray atmosphere, and occasional downpours of steady rain.

Chapter 31 of Innocent by Mrs. (Margaret) Oliphant holds 151 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Innocent contain?

Chapter 31 holds 151 sentences of Innocent, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Innocent by Mrs. (Margaret) Oliphant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 151 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Innocent?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Innocent

Common questions about reading Innocent by Mrs. (Margaret) Oliphant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Innocent?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Innocent is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Innocent take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Innocent section by section

How to work through Innocent section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Innocent to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Innocent

Words and structures a reader meets early in Innocent, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Innocent, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Innocent, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.