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I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross
I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.
A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.
It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.
And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.
And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.
Line 2
A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.
/ə streɪndʒ stɑːr tuː ðeɪ hæd ˈnevər siːn ɪts laɪk bɪˈfɔːr/
Line 3
It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.
/ɪt ˈspɑːrkəld soʊ ˈbraɪtli ðæt ðə ˈʃepərdz ˈʃædoʊz ɑːn ðə pleɪn wɜːr lɔːŋ/
Line 4
And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.
/ənd ɪt ɪz sed ðæt ðeɪ sɔː ˈʌðər stɑːrz əˈproʊtʃ ɪt ənd æt leŋkθ sərˈaʊnd ɪt/
Line 5
And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brightly adverb US /ˈbraɪtli/

with brightness

From this reading “It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.”

midnight noun US /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading “It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.”

shepherds noun US /ˈʃepərdz/

plural of “shepherd” — a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading “It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.”

sparkled verb US /ˈspɑːrkəld/

past form of “sparkle” — reflect brightly

From this reading “It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.”

sparks noun US /spɑːrks/

plural of “spark” — a momentary flash of light

From this reading “And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.”

star noun US /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading “It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.”

surround verb US /sərˈaʊnd/

extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading “And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.”

wings noun US /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading “And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

brightlyadverbUS /ˈbraɪtli/

with brightness

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

earthwards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

flewverbUS /fluː/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

mid-air

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

shepherdsnounUS /ˈʃepərdz/

plural of “shepherd” — a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

sparkledverbUS /ˈspɑːrkəld/

past form of “sparkle” — reflect brightly

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

sparksnounUS /spɑːrks/

plural of “spark” — a momentary flash of light

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.

surroundverbUS /sərˈaʊnd/

extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading And it is said that they saw other stars approach it, and at length surround it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.

threwverbUS /θruː/

inflected form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading A strange star, too; they had never seen its like before.

wakefuladjective

carefully observant or attentive; on the lookout for possible danger

From this reading It is midnight and, wakeful shepherds see a bright star.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It sparkled so brightly that the shepherds' shadows on the plain were long.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And then the new star threw off white sparks, which flew down earthwards and stopped in mid-air; and there were children with white wings and golden hair.

Chapter 3 of I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross by Peter Rosegger holds 35 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross contain?

Chapter 3 holds 35 sentences of I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross by Peter Rosegger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 35 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross

Words and structures a reader meets early in I.N.R.I.: A prisoner's Story of the Cross, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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