Chapter VII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There is a reason for such arrangement.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading There is a reason for such arrangement.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

plural of “bee” — any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

plural of “bore” — a person who evokes boredom

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

plural of “borrower” — someone who receives something on the promise to return it or its equivalent

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

plural of “bramble” — any of various rough thorny shrubs or vines

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

plural of “cell” — any small compartment

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

plural of “corridor” — an enclosed passageway; rooms usually open onto it

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

resembling cotton; as soft as cotton

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

a laborer who digs

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

an excavation for ore or precious stones or for archaeology

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

plural of “dwelling” — housing that someone is living in

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

terrestrial worm that burrows into and helps aerate soil; often surfaces when the ground is cool or wet; used as bait by anglers

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

with elaboration

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

divisible by two

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There is a reason for such arrangement.

(usually plural) accessory wearing apparel

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

plural of “gallery” — spectators at a golf or tennis match

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

a preparation (usually made of sweetened chicle) for chewing

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

used of persons; emotionally hardened

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

not solid; having a space or gap or cavity

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is a reason for such arrangement.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

engage in

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

plural of “mason” — American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

not any; not one

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

fill or close tightly with or as if with a plug

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading There is a reason for such arrangement.

plural of “reed” — tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

any of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

plural of “scrape” — a harsh noise made by scraping

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

take hold of; grab

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

plural of “shelter” — a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading There is a reason for such arrangement.

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

plural of “tube” — conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

the act of using

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

plural of “wasp” — a white person of Anglo-Saxon ancestry who belongs to a Protestant denomination

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Many of the Osmia-bees seize the old homes of the Masons; other honey-gatherers use earthworm galleries, snail-shells, dry brambles which have been made into hollow tubes by the mining Bees, and even the homes of the Digger Wasps burrowed in the sand.

which person or people

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Among these borrowers are the Cotton-bees, who fill the reeds with cottony satchels, and the Resin-bees, who plug up snail-shells with gum and resin.

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading The Bees who work hard to make their homes, such as the Mason-bee, who scrapes hard clay and makes a large cement mansion, the Carpenter-bee, who bores dead wood to a depth of nine inches, and the Anthophora, who digs corridors and cells in the banks hardened by the sun, have no time left to spend in furnishing their cells elaborately.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE COTTON-BEES AND RESIN-BEES There are many Bees who, like the Leaf-cutters, do not make their own dwellings, but use shelters made by the work of others.