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Introducing Irony
Introducing Irony

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Introducing Irony is here in full — 509 sentences across 102 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/101 · 5 lines
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_Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_
With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.
His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.
Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.
He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Introducing Irony

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Introducing Irony is here in full — 509 sentences across 102 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/101 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_
/ˈprɪntɪd ɪn ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ʌv əˈmerəkə sʌm ʌv ðə ˈpoʊəmz ənd ˈstɔːriz ɪn ðɪs bʊk hæv əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə ˈdaɪəl ˈhɑːrpərz bəˈzɑːr ðə ˈlɪtəl ˌriːˈvjuː ðə ˈneɪʃən kɑːrˈtuːnz ˈmæɡəziːn ˈpoʊətri ə ˈmæɡəziːn ʌv vɜːrs ðə nuː jɔːrk ɡloʊb ðə ˈbʊkmən ˈvænəti fer ðə ˈmeʒər ənd ðə ˈdʌbəl ˈdiːlər/
Line 2
With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.
Line 3
His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.
/hɪz ˈvænəti wɑːz smɔːl ənd kʊd nɑːt kɔːl hɪz ˈiːɡoʊɪzəm tuː ðə ˈduːbiəs hɔːl ʌv feɪm wer ˈævərɪdʒ ˈɑːrtɪsts spend ðer ˈaʊər/
Line 4
Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.
/ˈdaʊtɪŋ hɪz ˈpaʊərz hiː wɑːz fɔːrst tuː ˈkaʊər wɪˈðɪn ðə ʃrɪl dæmp ˈæliz ʌv hɪz taɪm ˌɪˈmɜːrst ɪn ðæt brɪsk ˈmɪdnaɪt noʊn æz kraɪm/
Line 5
He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.
/hiː ʃʌnd ðə ˈfɪrsli ʃruːd stʌf ðæt hiː soʊld tuː ˈʌðər ˈpiːpəl ənd dərˈaɪvd ə koʊld ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt frʌm ðə ˈraɪðɪŋ ʌv ðer hɑːrts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bookman noun US /ˈbʊkmən/

a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

Cartoons noun US /kɑːrˈtuːnz/

plural of “cartoon” — a humorous or satirical drawing published in a newspaper or magazine

cower verb US /ˈkaʊər/

crouch or curl up

From this reading “Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.”

egoism noun US /ˈiːɡoʊɪzəm/

(ethics) the theory that the pursuit of your own welfare in the basis of morality

From this reading “His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.”

Harper's noun US /ˈhɑːrpərz/

possessive form of “harper” — someone who plays the harp

Immersed verb US /ˌɪˈmɜːrst/

past form of “immerse” — thrust or throw into

From this reading “Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.”

reflective adjective US /rɪˈflektɪv/

deeply or seriously thoughtful

From this reading “With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.”

shunned verb US /ʃʌnd/

inflected form of “shun” — avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of

From this reading “He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Immersed in verb + particle counted as “immerse in”

In this reading “Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.”

other people adjective + noun

In this reading “He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.”

appeared in verb + particle counted as “appear in”

In this reading “_Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

alleysnounUS /ˈæliz/

plural of “alley” — a narrow street with walls on both sides

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

artistsnounUS /ˈɑːrtɪsts/

plural of “artist” — a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

averageadjectiveUS /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

BazaarnounUS /bəˈzɑːr/

a shop where a variety of goods are sold

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

BookmannounUS /ˈbʊkmən/

a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

briskadjectiveUS /brɪsk/

quick and energetic

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

broodingnounUS /ˈbruːdɪŋ/

sitting on eggs so as to hatch them by the warmth of the body

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

CartoonsnounUS /kɑːrˈtuːnz/

plural of “cartoon” — a humorous or satirical drawing published in a newspaper or magazine

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

cowerverbUS /ˈkaʊər/

crouch or curl up

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

craftyadjectiveUS /ˈkræfti/

marked by skill in deception

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

crimenounUS /kraɪm/

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

DealernounUS /ˈdiːlər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

derivedadjectiveUS /dərˈaɪvd/

formed or developed from something else; not original

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

DialnounUS /ˈdaɪəl/

the face of a timepiece; graduated to show the hours

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

DoubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

DoubtingadjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtɪŋ/

marked by or given to doubt

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

dubiousadjectiveUS /ˈduːbiəs/

fraught with uncertainty or doubt

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

egoismnounUS /ˈiːɡoʊɪzəm/

(ethics) the theory that the pursuit of your own welfare in the basis of morality

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

EnjoymentnounUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt/

the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

FairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

fearedverbUS /fɪrd/

past form of “fear” — be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

fiercelyadverbUS /ˈfɪrsli/

in a physically fierce manner

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

GlobenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

Harper'snounUS /ˈhɑːrpərz/

possessive form of “harper” — someone who plays the harp

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

heroin-peddler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

ImmersedverbUS /ˌɪˈmɜːrst/

past form of “immerse” — thrust or throw into

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

JacknounUS /dʒæk/

a small worthless amount

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

jeeredverbUS /dʒɪrd/

past form of “jeer” — laugh at with contempt and derision

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

LittleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

MagazinenounUS /ˈmæɡəziːn/

a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

MeasurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

NationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

poemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

PoetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

poseverbUS /poʊz/

introduce

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

PrintedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

reflectiveadjectiveUS /rɪˈflektɪv/

deeply or seriously thoughtful

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

regardingverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

ReviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

RosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

shrewdadjectiveUS /ʃruːd/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

shrilladjectiveUS /ʃrɪl/

having or emitting a high-pitched and sharp tone or tones

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

shunnedverbUS /ʃʌnd/

inflected form of “shun” — avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

spendverbUS /spend/

use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

stuffnounUS /stʌf/

the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

sullenlyadverb

in a sullen manner

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

VanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

VersenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

Wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading His vanity was small and could not call His egoism to the dubious hall Of fame, where average artists spend their hour.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With crafty brooding life turned to Jack Rose And made him heroin-peddler, and his pose Was sullenly reflective since he feared That life, regarding him, had merely jeered.

WithinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Doubting his powers he was forced to cower Within the shrill, damp alleys of his time, Immersed in that brisk midnight known as crime.

writhingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪðɪŋ/

moving in a twisting or snake-like or wormlike fashion

From this reading He shunned the fiercely shrewd stuff that he sold To other people, and derived a cold Enjoyment from the writhing of their hearts.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading _Printed in the United States of America_ Some of the poems and stories in this book have appeared in _The Dial_, _Harper’s Bazaar_, _The Little Review_, _The Nation_, _Cartoons Magazine_, _Poetry_, _A Magazine of Verse_, _The New York Globe_, _The Bookman_, _Vanity Fair_, _The Measure_ and _The Double Dealer_

Chapter 1 of Introducing Irony by Maxwell Bodenheim holds 509 sentences, grouped into 102 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Introducing Irony contain?

Chapter 1 holds 509 sentences of Introducing Irony, unabridged, divided into 102 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Introducing Irony by Maxwell Bodenheim exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 509 sentences, grouped into 102 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Introducing Irony?

Work through the 102 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 102 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Introducing Irony

Common questions about reading Introducing Irony by Maxwell Bodenheim on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Introducing Irony?

Yes. All 1074 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60427 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Introducing Irony is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60427, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Introducing Irony take to read?

About 89 minutes of reading across 215 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Introducing Irony section by section

How to work through Introducing Irony section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Introducing Irony to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Introducing Irony

Words and structures a reader meets early in Introducing Irony, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Introducing Irony; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
United
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Introducing Irony; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
States
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Introducing Irony; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
America
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Introducing Irony; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.