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Introducing the American Spirit
Introducing the American Spirit

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Introducing the American Spirit is here in full — 507 sentences across 102 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Introducing the American Spirit
Context Illustration Reading 65/101 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.
I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.
He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.
I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.
Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Introducing the American Spirit

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Introducing the American Spirit is here in full — 507 sentences across 102 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 65/101 · 5 reading units · Lines 321–325

Line 1
I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.
/aɪ ˈboʊstəd ʌv ðæt ɡrɪm ˈfaɪtɪŋ mæn huːz neɪm ðə taʊn berz huː wɑːz ðə pərˌsɑːnəfəˈkeɪʃən ʌv ðə dɪˈtɜːrmənd əˈmerəkən ˌpaɪəˈnɪr ðə ˈkɑːŋkərər ʌv mɪr ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/
Line 2
I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.
Line 3
He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.
Line 4
I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.
/aɪ led ðem tuː ðə ɡreɪv wer rests ðə ˈbɑːdi ʌv hɪz səkˈsesər ðə tuː ˈdɪfərɪŋ frʌm wʌn əˈnʌðər ɪn əˈpɪnjənz ənd ˈmeθəd æt ˈevəri pɔɪnt fɔːr ðə ˈjʌŋɡər mæn wɑːz ðə ˈfɔːrʌnər ʌv ə nuː ˌdɪspənˈseɪʃən ɪts ˈprɑːfət dɪˈsaɪpəl ənd ˈmɑːrtər/
Line 5
Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.
/jet boʊθ men wɜːr meɪd ʌv ðə seɪm stɜːrn əˈnjiːldɪŋ stʌf ənd boʊθ ˈrestəd ðer lɪvz ənd ðə hoʊp ʌv laɪfs ˈbetər θɪŋz tuː kʌm əˈpɑːn ðə seɪm faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Calvinist noun US /ˈkælvənəst/

an adherent of the theological doctrines of John Calvin

From this reading “I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.”

controversial adjective US /ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃəl/

marked by or capable of arousing controversy

From this reading “I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.”

differing verb US /ˈdɪfərɪŋ/

-ing form of “differ” — be different

From this reading “I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.”

disciple noun US /dɪˈsaɪpəl/

someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading “I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.”

dispensation noun US /ˌdɪspənˈseɪʃən/

an exemption from some rule or obligation

From this reading “I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.”

forerunner noun US /ˈfɔːrʌnər/

a person who goes before or announces the coming of another

From this reading “I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.”

personification noun US /pərˌsɑːnəfəˈkeɪʃən/

a person who represents an abstract quality

From this reading “I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.”

unyielding adjective US /əˈnjiːldɪŋ/

stubbornly unyielding

From this reading “I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

differing from verb + particle counted as “differ from”

In this reading “I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.”

younger man adjective + noun

In this reading “I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.”

boasted of verb + particle counted as “boast of”

In this reading “I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.”

better things adjective + noun

In this reading “Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

boastedverbUS /ˈboʊstəd/

past form of “boast” — show off

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

boldlyadverbUS /ˈboʊldli/

with boldness, in a bold manner

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

CalvinistnounUS /ˈkælvənəst/

an adherent of the theological doctrines of John Calvin

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

collegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

conquerornounUS /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

controversialadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃəl/

marked by or capable of arousing controversy

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

differingverbUS /ˈdɪfərɪŋ/

-ing form of “differ” — be different

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

disciplenounUS /dɪˈsaɪpəl/

someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

dispensationnounUS /ˌdɪspənˈseɪʃən/

an exemption from some rule or obligation

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

FnounUS /ef/

a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

forerunnernounUS /ˈfɔːrʌnər/

a person who goes before or announces the coming of another

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

foundationsnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

life'snounUS /laɪfs/

possessive form of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

loftilyadverb

in a lofty manner

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

Magoun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

martyrnounUS /ˈmɑːrtər/

one who suffers for the sake of principle

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

moralitynounUS /mərˈæləti/

concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

personificationnounUS /pərˌsɑːnəfəˈkeɪʃən/

a person who represents an abstract quality

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

pioneernounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/

someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

prophetnounUS /ˈprɑːfət/

an authoritative person who divines the future

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

restsnounUS /rests/

plural of “rest” — something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

ruledadjectiveUS /ruːld/

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

stuffnounUS /stʌf/

the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

successornounUS /səkˈsesər/

a person who follows next in order

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

unyieldingadjectiveUS /əˈnjiːldɪŋ/

stubbornly unyielding

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He was the last, but not the least of his kind, who built deep and strong and straight upon the foundations of morality and religion; so that others could build loftily and boldly.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I boasted of that firm, unyielding, controversial Calvinist, George F. Magoun, who ruled the college in his own stern way.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading I boasted of that grim, fighting man whose name the town bears, who was the personification of the determined, American pioneer, the conqueror of mere circumstances.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet both men were made of the same stern, unyielding stuff, and both rested their lives and the hope of life's better things to come, upon the same foundation.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading I led them to the grave where rests the body of his successor, the two differing from one another in opinions and method at every point; for the younger man was the forerunner of a new dispensation, its prophet, disciple and martyr.

Chapter 3 of Introducing the American Spirit by Edward Alfred Steiner holds 507 sentences, grouped into 102 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Introducing the American Spirit contain?

Chapter 3 holds 507 sentences of Introducing the American Spirit, unabridged, divided into 102 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Introducing the American Spirit by Edward Alfred Steiner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 507 sentences, grouped into 102 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Introducing the American Spirit?

Work through the 102 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 102 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Introducing the American Spirit

Common questions about reading Introducing the American Spirit by Edward Alfred Steiner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Introducing the American Spirit?

Yes. All 1537 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41898 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Introducing the American Spirit is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41898, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Introducing the American Spirit take to read?

About 128 minutes of reading across 308 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Introducing the American Spirit section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Introducing the American Spirit

Words and structures a reader meets early in Introducing the American Spirit, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Confession
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Introducing the American Spirit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hyphenated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Introducing the American Spirit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Introducing the American Spirit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boards
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Introducing the American Spirit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.