Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Inventing for Boys
Inventing for Boys

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Inventing for Boys is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Inventing for Boys
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.
~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.
As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.
Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.
All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Inventing for Boys

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Inventing for Boys is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.
Line 2
~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.
Line 3
As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.
Line 4
Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.
Line 5
All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cardboard noun US /ˈkɑːrdbɔːrd/

a stiff moderately thick paper

From this reading “THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.”

data noun US /ˈdeɪtə/

a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn

dynamo noun US /ˈdaɪnəmoʊ/

generator consisting of a coil (the armature) that rotates between the poles of an electromagnet (the field magnet) causing a current to flow in the armature

electricity noun US /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons

From this reading “As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.”

Faraday noun US /ˈfærədeɪ/

the English physicist and chemist who discovered electromagnetic induction (1791-1867)

From this reading “As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.”

magnet noun US /ˈmæɡnət/

(physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field

From this reading “As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.”

models noun US /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.”

patents noun US /ˈpætənts/

plural of “patent” — a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention

From this reading “~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

set up verb + adjective

set up or found

In this reading “As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.”

look up verb + adjective

seek information from

In this reading “THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.”

make up verb + adjective

form or compose

In this reading “All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.”

Meant by verb + particle counted as “mean by”

In this reading “~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1833

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

ARTauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

articlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

cardboardnounUS /ˈkɑːrdbɔːrd/

a stiff moderately thick paper

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

datanounUS /ˈdeɪtə/

a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

devicenounUS /dɪˈvaɪs/

an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

dynamonounUS /ˈdaɪnəmoʊ/

generator consisting of a coil (the armature) that rotates between the poles of an electromagnet (the field magnet) causing a current to flow in the armature

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

dynamos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

electricadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪk/

using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

electricitynounUS /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

experimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

FaradaynounUS /ˈfærədeɪ/

the English physicist and chemist who discovered electromagnetic induction (1791-1867)

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

magnetnounUS /ˈmæɡnət/

(physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

MeantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

modelsnounUS /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

patentsnounUS /ˈpætənts/

plural of “patent” — a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

polenounUS /poʊl/

a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

STATEnounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.

TakingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading All of this information, or _data_ as it is called, goes to make up the state of the art in the class of dynamos and all of the patents can be had and many of the articles too if you know how to go about it to find them and one of the purposes of this chapter is to tell you how to do it.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading ~What is Meant by State of the Art.--~The state of the art means everything that has been published either in books, papers, or in patents about anything that has been discovered or invented, which has a bearing on your invention.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

wirenounUS /ˈwaɪər/

ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading As an instance the _state of the art_ of the _dynamo electric machine_, or _dynamo_ as it is called for short, goes clear back to 1833 when Faraday made the experiment of passing a wire across the pole of a magnet and found that a current of electricity was set up in it--that is in the wire.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading Since that time hundreds of patents have been taken out and thousands of articles have been written about dynamos.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading THE STATE OF THE ART Taking it for granted, now, that you have drawn out your invention on paper and have made cardboard models of the more difficult parts so that you can see about what your device or machine will look like and how it will work your next move is to look up the _state of the art_.

Chapter 3 of Inventing for Boys by A. Frederick (Archie Frederick) Collins holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Inventing for Boys contain?

Chapter 3 holds 66 sentences of Inventing for Boys, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Inventing for Boys by A. Frederick (Archie Frederick) Collins exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Inventing for Boys?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Inventing for Boys

Common questions about reading Inventing for Boys by A. Frederick (Archie Frederick) Collins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Inventing for Boys?

Yes. All 1691 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49064 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Inventing for Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49064, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Inventing for Boys take to read?

About 140 minutes of reading across 339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Inventing for Boys section by section

How to work through Inventing for Boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Inventing for Boys to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Inventing for Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Inventing for Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Getting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Inventing for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Almost
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Inventing for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Every
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Inventing for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Inventing for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.