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Irradiations
Irradiations

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Irradiations is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Irradiations
Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.
The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.
Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.
The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.
The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Irradiations

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Irradiations is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.
Line 2
The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.
Line 3
Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.
/əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈriːdɪŋ ˈpʌblɪk ðer ɑːr ɪɡˈzæktli θriː əˈpɪnjənz ˈdʒenərəli held əˈbaʊt ɪt/
Line 4
The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.
/ðə fɜːrst ənd baɪ fɑːr ðə moʊst ˈpɑːpjələr vjuː ɪz ðæt ɔːl ˈpoʊəts ɑːr fuːlz ənd ðæt ˈpoʊətri ɪz əbˈsɜːrd/
Line 5
The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Editors noun US /ˈedɪtərz/

plural of “editor” — a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading “Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.”

entertainment noun US /ˌentərˈteɪnmənt/

an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

From this reading “The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.”

originally adverb US /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading “Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.”

practised adjective US /ˈpræktɪst/

skillful after much practice

From this reading “The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.”

publications noun US /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “publication” — a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading “Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.”

quotable adjective US /ˈkwoʊtəbəl/

able or fit to be repeated or quoted

From this reading “The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.”

reprint noun US /riˈprɪnt/

a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale

From this reading “Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.”

respective adjective US /rɪˈspektɪv/

considered individually

From this reading “Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most popular adverb + adjective

In this reading “The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.”

reading public noun + noun

In this reading “Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.”

appeared in verb + particle counted as “appear in”

In this reading “Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

absurdadjectiveUS /əbˈsɜːrd/

inconsistent with reason or logic or common sense

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

after-dinner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

agreeableadjectiveUS /əˈɡriːəbəl/

conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

backwardadverbUS /ˈbækwərd/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

ChicagonounUS /ʃəˈkɑːɡoʊ/

largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

EditorsnounUS /ˈedɪtərz/

plural of “editor” — a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

Egoistnoun

a conceited and self-centered person

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

English-speakingadjective

able to communicate in English

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

entertainmentnounUS /ˌentərˈteɪnmənt/

an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

foolsnounUS /fuːlz/

plural of “fool” — a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

permissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

PoetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

practisedadjectiveUS /ˈpræktɪst/

skillful after much practice

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

publicationsnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “publication” — a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

quotableadjectiveUS /ˈkwoʊtəbəl/

able or fit to be repeated or quoted

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

reprintnounUS /riˈprɪnt/

a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

respectiveadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektɪv/

considered individually

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

ThanksnounUS /θæŋks/

an acknowledgment of appreciation

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Among the reading public there are exactly three opinions generally held about it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Thanks are due to the Editors of Poetry (Chicago) and The Egoist (London) for permission to reprint here matter that originally appeared in the pages of their respective publications.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The art of poetry as practised in the English-speaking countries to-day, is in a greatly backward state.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading The first, and by far the most popular, view is that all poets are fools and that poetry is absurd.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The second is that poetry is an agreeable after-dinner entertainment, and that a poet is great because he has written quotable lines.

Chapter 1 of Irradiations by John Gould Fletcher holds 214 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Irradiations contain?

Chapter 1 holds 214 sentences of Irradiations, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Irradiations by John Gould Fletcher exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 214 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Irradiations?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Irradiations

Common questions about reading Irradiations by John Gould Fletcher on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Irradiations?

Yes. All 286 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38857 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Irradiations is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38857, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Irradiations take to read?

About 23 minutes of reading across 58 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Irradiations section by section

How to work through Irradiations section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Irradiations to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Irradiations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Irradiations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Thanks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poetry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chicago
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.