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Irradiations
Irradiations

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Irradiations is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Irradiations
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.
I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.
These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.
(2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.
Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Irradiations

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Irradiations is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.
Line 2
I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.
Line 3
These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.
Line 4
(2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.
Line 5
Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cordage noun US /ˈkɔːrdədʒ/

the amount of wood in an area as measured in cords

From this reading “Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.”

estuary noun US /ˈestʃuːeri/

the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix

From this reading “(1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.”

gyrating verb US /ˈdʒaɪreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “gyrate” — to wind or move in a spiral course

From this reading “(1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.”

heeling verb US /ˈhiːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “heel” — tilt to one side

From this reading “(1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.”

Nesting verb US /ˈnestɪŋ/

-ing form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading “These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.”

sailboats noun US /ˈseɪlboʊts/

plural of “sailboat” — a small sailing vessel; usually with a single mast

From this reading “(1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.”

shuttles noun US /ˈʃʌtəlz/

plural of “shuttle” — badminton equipment consisting of a ball of cork or rubber with a crown of feathers

From this reading “(1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.”

underside noun US /ˈʌndərsaɪd/

the lower side of anything

From this reading “I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

land breeze noun + noun

In this reading “These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.”

tossing about verb + particle counted as “toss about”

In this reading “These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.”

green waves noun + noun counted as “green wave”

In this reading “These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.”

Rumble of verb + particle

In this reading “(2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.”

At the foot preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “(2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.”

crash of verb + particle

In this reading “I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

beachnounUS /biːtʃ/

an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

BobbingverbUS /ˈbɑːbɪŋ/

inflected form of “bob” — move up and down repeatedly

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

bowsnounUS /baʊz/

plural of “bow” — a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

breakersnounUS /ˈbreɪkərz/

waves breaking on the shore

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

breezenounUS /briːz/

a slight wind (usually refreshing)

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

canteringadjective

riding at a gait between a trot and a gallop

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

ConnounUS /kɑːn/

an argument opposed to a proposal

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

cordagenounUS /ˈkɔːrdədʒ/

the amount of wood in an area as measured in cords

From this reading Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

crashverbUS /kræʃ/

fall or come down violently

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

dancenounUS /dæns/

an artistic form of nonverbal communication

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

estuarynounUS /ˈestʃuːeri/

the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

flingverbUS /flɪŋ/

throw with force or recklessness

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

gustnounUS /ɡʌst/

a strong current of air

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

gyratingverbUS /ˈdʒaɪreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “gyrate” — to wind or move in a spiral course

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

heelingverbUS /ˈhiːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “heel” — tilt to one side

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

IntoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

LightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

moto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

NestingverbUS /ˈnestɪŋ/

-ing form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

ondeggiante

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

pirouetting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

RumbleverbUS /ˈrʌmbəl/

make a low noise

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

SAILBOATSnounUS /ˈseɪlboʊts/

plural of “sailboat” — a small sailing vessel; usually with a single mast

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

sailsnounUS /seɪlz/

plural of “sail” — a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

sailships

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

Scherzando

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

scornnounUS /skɔːrn/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

ShipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.

shuttlesnounUS /ˈʃʌtəlz/

plural of “shuttle” — badminton equipment consisting of a ball of cork or rubber with a crown of feathers

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

singverbUS /sɪŋ/

deliver by singing

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

SlapverbUS /slæp/

hit with something flat, like a paddle or the open hand

From this reading Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

snappingverbUS /ˈsnæpɪŋ/

inflected form of “snap” — utter in an angry, sharp, or abrupt tone

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

spumenoun

foam or froth on the sea

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

steamersnounUS /ˈstiːmərz/

plural of “steamer” — a clam that is usually steamed in the shell

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

sunlightnounUS /ˈsʌnlaɪt/

the rays of the sun

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

swallowsnounUS /ˈswɑːloʊz/

plural of “swallow” — a small amount of liquid food

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

swayingverbUS /ˈsweɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “sway” — move back and forth or sideways

From this reading Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

thin-winged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

Thrumverb

sound with a monotonous hum

From this reading Ships there are swaying, Into the distance, Thrum of the cordage, Slap of the sails.

TIDEnounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading (1) SAILBOATS _Scherzando._ Light as thin-winged swallows pirouetting and gyrating, The sails dance in the estuary: Now heeling to the gust, now cantering, Bobbing as shuttles back and forth from each other.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading (2) THE TIDE _Con moto ondeggiante_ The tide makes music At the foot of the beach; The waves sing together Rumble of breakers.

tossingverbUS /ˈtɔːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

undersidenounUS /ˈʌndərsaɪd/

the lower side of anything

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading These are the birds of the land breeze, Nesting on green waves in the gold sunlight: These are the sailships Heeling and tossing about in the estuary.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

wing-tips

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I They scorn the black steamers that steadily near them I On a course direct, with white spume of smoke from their bows, With snapping crash of breakers they fling themselves forward: Black on the wing-tips, white on the underside.

Chapter 3 of Irradiations by John Gould Fletcher holds 23 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Irradiations contain?

Chapter 3 holds 23 sentences of Irradiations, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Irradiations by John Gould Fletcher exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 23 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Irradiations?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Irradiations

Common questions about reading Irradiations by John Gould Fletcher on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Irradiations?

Yes. All 286 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38857 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Irradiations is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38857, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Irradiations take to read?

About 23 minutes of reading across 58 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Irradiations section by section

How to work through Irradiations section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Irradiations to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Irradiations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Irradiations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Thanks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poetry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chicago
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.