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Irradiations
Irradiations

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Irradiations is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Irradiations
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(1) THE GROUNDSWELL.
_Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.
The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.
It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.
The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Irradiations

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Irradiations is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(1) THE GROUNDSWELL.
Line 2
_Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.
Line 3
The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.
/ðə koʊld ənd ˈneɪkəd waɪnd rʌnz ˈʃɪvərɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə sændz sɔːlt ɑːr ɪts aɪz ˈoʊ.pən ɪts maʊθ ɪts braʊ wet bluː ɪts hændz/
Line 4
It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.
Line 5
The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clamour verb US /ˈklæmər/

utter or proclaim insistently and noisily

From this reading “_Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.”

doleful adjective US /ˈdoʊlfəl/

filled with or evoking sadness

From this reading “_Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.”

gull verb US /ɡʌl/

make a fool or dupe of

From this reading “It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.”

lifeless adjective US /ˈlaɪfləs/

deprived of life; no longer living

From this reading “The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.”

lifts noun US /lɪfts/

plural of “lift” — the act of giving temporary assistance

From this reading “_Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.”

slides noun US /slaɪdz/

plural of “slide” — a small flat rectangular piece of glass on which specimens can be mounted for microscopic study

From this reading “_Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.”

smudge noun US /smʌdʒ/

a smoky fire to drive away insects

From this reading “The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.”

wreckage noun US /ˈrekədʒ/

the remaining parts of something that has been wrecked

From this reading “It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

slides away verb + particle counted as “slide away”

In this reading “_Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (1) THE GROUNDSWELL.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

batteredadjectiveUS /ˈbætərd/

damaged by blows or hard usage

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

breaksnounUS /breɪks/

plural of “break” — some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

brownounUS /braʊ/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

chillyadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪli/

not characterized by emotion

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

clamourverbUS /ˈklæmər/

utter or proclaim insistently and noisily

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

dolefuladjectiveUS /ˈdoʊlfəl/

filled with or evoking sadness

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

fallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

Funebre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

GROUNDSWELL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (1) THE GROUNDSWELL.

gullverbUS /ɡʌl/

make a fool or dupe of

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

jetsamnoun

the part of a ship's equipment or cargo that is thrown overboard to lighten the load in a storm

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

lifelessadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪfləs/

deprived of life; no longer living

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

liftsnounUS /lɪfts/

plural of “lift” — the act of giving temporary assistance

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

litadjectiveUS /lɪt/

provided with artificial light

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

Marcia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

muddyadjectiveUS /ˈmʌdi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

naughtnounUS /nɔːt/

a quantity of no importance

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

plantsnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

runsnounUS /rʌnz/

plural of “run” — a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

rustyadjectiveUS /ˈrʌsti/

covered with or consisting of rust

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

SaltnounUS /sɔːlt/

a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

sandsnounUS /sændz/

the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

shiveringnounUS /ˈʃɪvərɪŋ/

a sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

slatyadjective

of the color of slate or granite

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

slidesnounUS /slaɪdz/

plural of “slide” — a small flat rectangular piece of glass on which specimens can be mounted for microscopic study

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

smudgenounUS /smʌdʒ/

a smoky fire to drive away insects

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

starvingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrvɪŋ/

suffering from lack of food

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

steamernounUS /ˈstiːmər/

a clam that is usually steamed in the shell

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading (1) THE GROUNDSWELL.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

waddling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lifeless chilly slaty sky with no blue hope is lit, A rusty waddling steamer plants a smudge of smoke on it.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The cold and naked wind runs shivering over the sands, Salt are its eyes, open its mouth, its brow wet, blue its hands.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Marcia Funebre._ With heavy doleful clamour, hour on hour, and day on day, The muddy groundswell lifts and breaks and falls and slides away.

wreckagenounUS /ˈrekədʒ/

the remaining parts of something that has been wrecked

From this reading It finds naught but a starving gull whose wings trail at its side, And the dull battered wreckage, grey jetsam of the tide.

Chapter 4 of Irradiations by John Gould Fletcher holds 24 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Irradiations contain?

Chapter 4 holds 24 sentences of Irradiations, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Irradiations by John Gould Fletcher exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 24 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Irradiations?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Irradiations

Common questions about reading Irradiations by John Gould Fletcher on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Irradiations?

Yes. All 286 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38857 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Irradiations is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38857, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Irradiations take to read?

About 23 minutes of reading across 58 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Irradiations section by section

How to work through Irradiations section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Irradiations to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Irradiations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Irradiations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Thanks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poetry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chicago
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Irradiations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.