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Italian Letters, Vols. I and II
Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II is here in full — 482 sentences across 97 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/96 · 5 lines
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The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.
I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.
It is not the form of sorrow that clouds his countenance.
I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.
It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II is here in full — 482 sentences across 97 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/96 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.
Line 2
I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.
Line 3
It is not the form of sorrow that clouds his countenance.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt ðə fɔːrm ʌv ˈsɑːroʊ ðæt klaʊdz hɪz ˈkaʊntənəns/
Line 4
I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.
/aɪ siː ðə ˈɑːnəst ter ʌv ˌʌnəˈfektɪd ɡriːf ˈstɑːrtɪŋ frʌm hɪz aɪ/
Line 5
It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt ðə vɔɪs ʌv ˈflætəri ðæt kæn ˈrendər hɪm ˈkæləs tuː ðə moʊst ˈvɜːrtʃuːəs ənd rɪˈspektəbəl ˈfiːlɪŋz ðæt kæn ˌɪnˈfɔːrm ðə ˈhjuːmən brest/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accession noun US /əkˈseʃən/

a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group)

From this reading “I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.”

callous adjective US /ˈkæləs/

emotionally hardened

From this reading “It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.”

condolence noun US /kənˈdoʊləns/

an expression of sympathy with another's grief

From this reading “The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.”

conformity noun US /kənˈfɔːrməti/

correspondence in form or appearance

From this reading “The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.”

Edited adjective US /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading “The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.”

levity noun US /ˈlevɪti/

feeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness

From this reading “I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.”

prescribes verb US /priˈskraɪbz/

third-person singular of “prescribe” — issue commands or orders for

From this reading “The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.”

unaffected adjective US /ˌʌnəˈfektɪd/

undergoing no change when acted upon

From this reading “I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

accessionnounUS /əkˈseʃən/

a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group)

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

BlankadjectiveUS /blæŋk/

(of a surface) not written or printed on

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

BURTONnounUS /ˈbɜːrtən/

English explorer who with John Speke was the first European to explore Lake Tanganyika (1821-1890)

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

callousadjectiveUS /ˈkæləs/

emotionally hardened

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading It is not the form of sorrow that clouds his countenance.

condolencenounUS /kənˈdoʊləns/

an expression of sympathy with another's grief

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

conformitynounUS /kənˈfɔːrməti/

correspondence in form or appearance

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading It is not the form of sorrow that clouds his countenance.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

desirousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪrəs/

having or expressing desire for something

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

EditedadjectiveUS /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

fillverbUS /fɪl/

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

flatterynounUS /ˈflætəri/

excessive or insincere praise

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading It is not the form of sorrow that clouds his countenance.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

imagineverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒən/

form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

indulgentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

characterized by or given to yielding to the wishes of someone

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

informverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

IntroductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

JuliannounUS /ˈdʒuːliən/

Roman Emperor and nephew of Constantine; he restored paganism as the official religion of the Roman Empire and destroyed Christian temples but his decision was reversed after his death (331?-363)

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

levitynounUS /ˈlevɪti/

feeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

MarquisnounUS /ˌmɑːrˈkiː/

humorist who wrote about the imaginary life of cockroaches (1878-1937)

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

modesnounUS /moʊdz/

plural of “mode” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

obligationsnounUS /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz/

plural of “obligation” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

owedverbUS /oʊd/

past form of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

PagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

parentnounUS /ˈperənt/

a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

Pescara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

POLLIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

prescribesverbUS /priˈskraɪbz/

third-person singular of “prescribe” — issue commands or orders for

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

respectableadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektəbəl/

characterized by socially or conventionally acceptable morals

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

Rinaldo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.

sincereadjectiveUS /sɪnˈsɪr/

open and genuine; not deceitful

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading It is not the form of sorrow that clouds his countenance.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

startingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/

(especially of eyes) bulging or protruding as with fear

From this reading I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.

tearverbUS /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

unaffectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈfektɪd/

undergoing no change when acted upon

From this reading I see the honest tear of unaffected grief starting from his eye.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

venerableadjectiveUS /ˈvenərəbəl/

impressive by reason of age

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

virtuousadjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəs/

morally excellent

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading It is not the voice of flattery, that can render him callous to the most virtuous and respectable feelings that can inform the human breast.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading I know too well the temper of my Rinaldo to imagine, that his accession to a splendid fortune and a venerable title can fill his heart with levity, or make him forget the obligations he owed to so generous and indulgent a parent.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The History of the Count de St. Julian Edited and with an Introduction by BURTON R. POLLIN [Blank Page] _Italian Letters_ _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ It is not in conformity to those modes which fashion prescribes, that I am desirous to express to you my most sincere condolence upon the death of your worthy father.

Chapter 1 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II by William Godwin holds 482 sentences, grouped into 97 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II contain?

Chapter 1 holds 482 sentences of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II, unabridged, divided into 97 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 482 sentences, grouped into 97 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II?

Work through the 97 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 97 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Common questions about reading Italian Letters, Vols. I and II by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II?

Yes. All 1929 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9299 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9299, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Italian Letters, Vols. I and II take to read?

About 160 minutes of reading across 386 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Italian Letters, Vols. I and II section by section

How to work through Italian Letters, Vols. I and II section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Words and structures a reader meets early in Italian Letters, Vols. I and II, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Count
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Julian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.