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Italian Letters, Vols. I and II
Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II is here in full — 491 sentences across 99 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Italian Letters, Vols. I and II
Context Illustration Reading 1/98 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.
As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.
My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.
I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.
My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II is here in full — 491 sentences across 99 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/98 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.
/aɪ hæv naʊ faʊnd ðæt əˈvɔɪdɪŋ wʌn ekˈstriːm aɪ ɪnˈkaʊntərd ðə ˈʌðər/
Line 2
As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.
Line 3
My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.
Line 4
I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.
Line 5
My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.
/maɪ frend wɪl nɑːt səˈspekt miː ʌv ˈɪntrəstɪd ˈflætəri wen aɪ seɪ ðæt aɪ sɪnˈsɪrli rɪˈdʒɔɪs ɪn ə ˈkɑːndəkt soʊ ˈɑːnərəbəl tuː ˈhjuːmən ˈneɪtʃər æz hɪz hæz bɪn riˈspektɪŋ miː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

avoiding verb US /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading “I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.”

benevolence noun US /bəˈnev.əl.əns/

The quality of being well meaning; kindness and generosity. (Lòng nhân ái, sự nhân từ độ lượng.)

From this reading “As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.”

disadvantage noun US /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position

From this reading “I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.”

flattery noun US /ˈflætəri/

excessive or insincere praise

From this reading “My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.”

misconstrued verb US /ˌmɪskənˈstruːd/

past form of “misconstrue” — interpret in the wrong way

From this reading “My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.”

pardoned verb US /ˈpɑːrdənd/

past form of “pardon” — accept an excuse for

From this reading “My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.”

situations noun US /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “situation” — the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading “As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.”

surround verb US /sərˈaʊnd/

extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading “As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

advicenounUS /ædˈvaɪs/

a proposal for an appropriate course of action

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

arrestverbUS /ərˈest/

take into custody

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

avoidingverbUS /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

benevolencenounUS /bəˈnev.əl.əns/

The quality of being well meaning; kindness and generosity. (Lòng nhân ái, sự nhân từ độ lượng.)

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

countedverbUS /ˈkaʊntɪd/

past form of “count” — determine the number or amount of

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

detailnounUS /dɪˈteɪl/

an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

detectedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtektəd/

perceived or discerned

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

disadvantagenounUS /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

encounteredverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərd/

past form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

errornounUS /ˈerər/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

expectverbUS /ɪkˈspekt/

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

flatterynounUS /ˈflætəri/

excessive or insincere praise

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

forgivenessnounUS /fərˈɡɪvnəs/

compassionate feelings that support a willingness to forgive

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

hastilyadverbUS /ˈheɪstəli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

honourableadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərəbəl/

worthy of being honored; entitled to honor and respect

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

intreat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

misconstruedverbUS /ˌmɪskənˈstruːd/

past form of “misconstrue” — interpret in the wrong way

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

neglectedadjectiveUS /nəˈɡlektəd/

disregarded

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

pardonedverbUS /ˈpɑːrdənd/

past form of “pardon” — accept an excuse for

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

rejoiceverbUS /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/

feel happiness or joy

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

respectingverbUS /riˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “respect” — regard highly; think much of

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

Rinaldo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

self-importancenoun

an inflated feeling of pride in your superiority to others

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

sincerelyadverbUS /sɪnˈsɪrli/

with sincerity; without pretense

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

situationsnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “situation” — the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

surroundverbUS /sərˈaʊnd/

extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

suspectverbUS /səˈspekt/

imagine to be the case or true or probable

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I have now found that avoiding one extreme I encountered the other.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading My Rinaldo demanded to be pardoned for having neglected my advice, and misconstrued the motives of it.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading As most men, induced by their self-importance, expect that their feelings should interest, and their situations arrest the attention of those that surround them; so I having detected their error counted upon less benevolence and looked for less friendship than I have found.

weighedverbUS /weɪd/

past form of “weigh” — have a certain weight

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading My friend will not suspect me of interested flattery, when I say, that I sincerely rejoice in a conduct so honourable to human nature as his has been respecting me.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I had not less reason to intreat his forgiveness in my turn, for having weighed his character with so little detail, and so hastily decided to his disadvantage.

Chapter 2 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II by William Godwin holds 491 sentences, grouped into 99 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II contain?

Chapter 2 holds 491 sentences of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II, unabridged, divided into 99 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 491 sentences, grouped into 99 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II?

Work through the 99 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 99 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Common questions about reading Italian Letters, Vols. I and II by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II?

Yes. All 1929 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9299 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9299, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Italian Letters, Vols. I and II take to read?

About 160 minutes of reading across 386 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Italian Letters, Vols. I and II section by section

How to work through Italian Letters, Vols. I and II section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Words and structures a reader meets early in Italian Letters, Vols. I and II, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Count
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Julian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.