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Italian Letters, Vols. I and II
Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II is here in full — 478 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Italian Letters, Vols. I and II
Context Illustration Reading 1/95 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.
I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.
I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.
But the sea was less favourable to the impatience of my spirit.
I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II is here in full — 478 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/95 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.
Line 2
I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.
Line 3
I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.
Line 4
But the sea was less favourable to the impatience of my spirit.
Line 5
I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.
/aɪ set seɪl ɪn ə ˈbɔɪstərəs ənd ənˈprɔːmɪsɪŋ ˈsiːzən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accursed adjective US /ˌæˈkɜːrst/

under a curse

From this reading “I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.”

blasting adjective US /ˈblæstɪŋ/

causing injury or blight; especially affecting with sudden violence or plague or ruin

From this reading “Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.”

boisterous adjective US /ˈbɔɪstərəs/

noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline

From this reading “I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.”

callous adjective US /ˈkæləs/

emotionally hardened

From this reading “Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.”

conjured verb US /ˈkɑːndʒərd/

past form of “conjure” — summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

From this reading “Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.”

injured adjective US /ˈɪndʒərd/

harmed

From this reading “Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.”

Julian noun US /ˈdʒuːliən/

Roman Emperor and nephew of Constantine; he restored paganism as the official religion of the Roman Empire and destroyed Christian temples but his decision was reversed after his death (331?-363)

From this reading “Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.”

unpromising adjective US /ənˈprɔːmɪsɪŋ/

unlikely to bring about favorable results or enjoyment

From this reading “I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

accursedadjectiveUS /ˌæˈkɜːrst/

under a curse

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

Alicant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

blastingadjectiveUS /ˈblæstɪŋ/

causing injury or blight; especially affecting with sudden violence or plague or ruin

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

boisterousadjectiveUS /ˈbɔɪstərəs/

noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline

From this reading I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the sea was less favourable to the impatience of my spirit.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

callousadjectiveUS /ˈkæləs/

emotionally hardened

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

chimeras

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

conjuredverbUS /ˈkɑːndʒərd/

past form of “conjure” — summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

favourableadjective

encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading But the sea was less favourable to the impatience of my spirit.

flewverbUS /fluː/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

guiltyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪlti/

responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

impatiencenounUS /ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəns/

a lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay

From this reading But the sea was less favourable to the impatience of my spirit.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.

injuredadjectiveUS /ˈɪndʒərd/

harmed

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

JuliannounUS /ˈdʒuːliən/

Roman Emperor and nephew of Constantine; he restored paganism as the official religion of the Roman Empire and destroyed Christian temples but his decision was reversed after his death (331?-363)

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading But the sea was less favourable to the impatience of my spirit.

LetternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

lightningnounUS /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/

abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

Livorno

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

MarquisnounUS /ˌmɑːrˈkiː/

humorist who wrote about the imaginary life of cockroaches (1878-1937)

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

permittedverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.

Pescara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading But the sea was less favourable to the impatience of my spirit.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading But the sea was less favourable to the impatience of my spirit.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

terrifiedadjectiveUS /ˈterəfaɪd/

thrown into a state of intense fear or desperation

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

unpromisingadjectiveUS /ənˈprɔːmɪsɪŋ/

unlikely to bring about favorable results or enjoyment

From this reading I set sail in a boisterous and unpromising season.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I permitted no consideration upon earth to delay me till I arrived at Alicant.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But the sea was less favourable to the impatience of my spirit.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

XVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Letter XV _The Count de St. Julian to the Marquis of Pescara_ _Livorno_ My lord, I hoped before this time to have presented before you the form of that injured friend, which, if your heart is not yet callous to every impression, must be more blasting to your sight, than all the chimeras that can be conjured up by a terrified imagination, or a guilty conscience.

Zamora

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I no sooner received the accursed intelligence at Zamora, than I flew with the speed of lightning.

Chapter 4 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II by William Godwin holds 478 sentences, grouped into 96 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II contain?

Chapter 4 holds 478 sentences of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II, unabridged, divided into 96 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II by William Godwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 478 sentences, grouped into 96 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II?

Work through the 96 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 96 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Common questions about reading Italian Letters, Vols. I and II by William Godwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II?

Yes. All 1929 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9299 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9299, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Italian Letters, Vols. I and II take to read?

About 160 minutes of reading across 386 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Italian Letters, Vols. I and II section by section

How to work through Italian Letters, Vols. I and II section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Italian Letters, Vols. I and II

Words and structures a reader meets early in Italian Letters, Vols. I and II, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Count
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Julian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Italian Letters, Vols. I and II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.