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Ivanhoe: A Romance
Ivanhoe: A Romance

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Ivanhoe: A Romance is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?
KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.
Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.
But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.
The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ivanhoe: A Romance

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Ivanhoe: A Romance is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?
Line 2
KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.
/kɪŋ dʒɑːn ðer wɑːz breɪv ˈfiːstɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkæsəl ʌv jɔːrk tuː wɪtʃ prɪns dʒɑːn hæd ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd ðoʊz ˈnoʊbəlz ˈprelɪts ənd ˈliːdərz baɪ huːz əˈsɪstəns hiː hoʊpt tuː ˈkæri θruː hɪz æmˈbɪʃəs ˈprɑːdʒekts əˈpɑːn hɪz ˈbrʌðərz θroʊn/
Line 3
Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.
Line 4
But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.
/bʌt ðer ˈentərpraɪz wɑːz dɪˈleɪd baɪ ðə ˈæbsəns ʌv mɔːr ðæn wʌn meɪn lɪm ʌv ðə kənˈfedərəsi/
Line 5
The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adviser noun US /ædˈvaɪzər/

an expert who gives advice

From this reading “The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.”

brother's noun US /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

buoyant adjective US /ˈbɔɪənt/

tending to float on a liquid or rise in air or gas

From this reading “The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.”

confederacy noun US /kənˈfedərəsi/

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

From this reading “But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.”

feasting noun US /ˈfiːstɪŋ/

eating an elaborate meal (often accompanied by entertainment)

From this reading “KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.”

politic adjective US /ˈpɑːlətɪk/

marked by artful prudence, expedience, and shrewdness

From this reading “Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.”

prelates noun US /ˈprelɪts/

plural of “prelate” — a senior clergyman and dignitary

From this reading “KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.”

tempering noun US /ˈtempərɪŋ/

hardening something by heat treatment

From this reading “Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

advisernounUS /ædˈvaɪzər/

an expert who gives advice

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

agentnounUS /ˈeɪdʒənt/

an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

ambitiousadjectiveUS /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

assistancenounUS /əˈsɪstəns/

the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

Bois-Guilbert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

Bracy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

Brian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

brutaladjectiveUS /ˈbruːtəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

buoyantadjectiveUS /ˈbɔɪənt/

tending to float on a liquid or rise in air or gas

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

confederacynounUS /kənˈfedərəsi/

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

conspiracynounUS /kənˈspɪrəsi/

a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

cursingverbUS /ˈkɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “curse” — utter obscenities or profanities

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

declarationnounUS /ˌdeklərˈeɪʃən/

a statement that is emphatic and explicit (spoken or written)

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

delayedadjectiveUS /dɪˈleɪd/

not as far along as normal in development

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

Dostauxiliary verbUS /dɑːst/

an old form of “do”, used with “thou”

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

dothauxiliary verbUS /dɔːθ/

an old form of “does”

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

enterprisenounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

feastingnounUS /ˈfiːstɪŋ/

eating an elaborate meal (often accompanied by entertainment)

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

Fitzurse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

Front-de-Bœuf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

I'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

invitedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd/

past form of “invite” — increase the likelihood of

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

JOHNnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

KINGnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

limbnounUS /lɪm/

one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

martialadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

pitchnounUS /pɪtʃ/

the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

politicadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːlətɪk/

marked by artful prudence, expedience, and shrewdness

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

prelatesnounUS /ˈprelɪts/

plural of “prelate” — a senior clergyman and dignitary

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

projectsnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

renownedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

sagacitynounUS /səˈɡæs.ə.t̬i/

The quality of being sagacious; keen wisdom and sound judgment. (Sự minh triết, sự sáng suốt.)

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

serpentnounUS /ˈsɜːrpənt/

limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

stubbornadjectiveUS /ˈstʌbərn/

tenaciously unwilling or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

temperingnounUS /ˈtempərɪŋ/

hardening something by heat treatment

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But their enterprise was delayed by the absence of more than one main limb of the confederacy.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

treadverbUS /tred/

put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

unmeaning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

unnecessaryadjectiveUS /ənˈnesəseri/

not necessary

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

valour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

Waldemar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

wheresoe'er

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading KING JOHN.—I’ll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe’er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me.—Dost thou understand me?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The stubborn and daring, though brutal courage of Front-de-Bœuf; the buoyant spirits and bold bearing of De Bracy; the sagacity, martial experience, and renowned valour of Brian de Bois-Guilbert, were important to the success of their conspiracy; and, while cursing in secret their unnecessary and unmeaning absence, neither John nor his adviser dared to proceed without them.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Waldemar Fitzurse, his able and politic agent, was at secret work among them, tempering all to that pitch of courage which was necessary in making an open declaration of their purpose.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading KING JOHN There was brave feasting in the Castle of York, to which Prince John had invited those nobles, prelates, and leaders, by whose assistance he hoped to carry through his ambitious projects upon his brother’s throne.

Chapter 31 of Ivanhoe: A Romance by Walter Scott holds 126 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Ivanhoe: A Romance contain?

Chapter 31 holds 126 sentences of Ivanhoe: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Ivanhoe: A Romance by Walter Scott exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 126 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Ivanhoe: A Romance?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ivanhoe: A Romance

Common questions about reading Ivanhoe: A Romance by Walter Scott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ivanhoe: A Romance?

Yes. All 6115 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #82 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ivanhoe: A Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #82, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ivanhoe: A Romance take to read?

About 509 minutes of reading across 1223 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ivanhoe: A Romance section by section

How to work through Ivanhoe: A Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Ivanhoe: A Romance to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ivanhoe: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ivanhoe: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fitted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ivanhoe: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Halter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ivanhoe: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Traversed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ivanhoe: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Often
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ivanhoe: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.