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Ivanhoe: A Romance
Ivanhoe: A Romance

Chapter XXXV · Chapter 35

Chapter 35 of Ivanhoe: A Romance is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
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There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.
RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.
He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.
His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.
He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ivanhoe: A Romance

Chapter XXXV · Chapter 35

Chapter 35 of Ivanhoe: A Romance is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.
Line 2
RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.
Line 3
He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.
/hiː wɑːz nɑːt ərˈɪdʒənəli ə ˈkruːəl ɔːr ˈiːvɪn ə səˈvɪr mæn bʌt wɪð ˈpæʃənz baɪ ˈneɪtʃər koʊld ənd wɪð ə haɪ ðoʊ mɪˈsteɪkən sens ʌv ˈduːti hɪz hɑːrt hæd bɪn ˈɡrædʒuːəli ˈhɑːrdənd baɪ ðə əˈsetɪk laɪf wɪtʃ hiː pərˈsuːd ðə səˈpriːm ˈpaʊər wɪtʃ hiː ˌenˈdʒɔɪd ənd ðə səˈpoʊzd nəˈsesəti ʌv səbˈduːɪŋ ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti ənd ɪˈrædəkeɪtɪŋ ˈherəsi wɪtʃ hiː kənˈsiːvd pɪˈkjuːljərli ˌɪnˈkʌmbənt ɑːn hɪm/
Line 4
His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.
Line 5
He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ascetic adjective US /əˈsetɪk/

pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic or the practice of rigorous self-discipline

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

eradicating verb US /ɪˈrædəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “eradicate” — kill in large numbers

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

gage noun US /ɡeɪdʒ/

street names for marijuana

From this reading “—There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.”

heresy noun US /ˈherəsi/

any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

incumbent adjective US /ˌɪnˈkʌmbənt/

lying or leaning on something else

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

infidelity noun US /ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti/

the quality of being unfaithful

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

Lucas noun US /ˈluːkəs/

United States screenwriter and filmmaker (born in 1944)

From this reading “RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.”

subduing verb US /səbˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “subdue” — put down by force or intimidation

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

asceticadjectiveUS /əˈsetɪk/

pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic or the practice of rigorous self-discipline

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

Beaumanoir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

creaturenounUS /ˈkriːtʃər/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

defendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

doubtingadjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtɪŋ/

marked by or given to doubt

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

eradicatingverbUS /ɪˈrædəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “eradicate” — kill in large numbers

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

extremest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

gagenounUS /ɡeɪdʒ/

street names for marijuana

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

gazedverbUS /ɡeɪzd/

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

hardenedadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdənd/

used of persons; emotionally hardened

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

hardnessnounUS /ˈhɑːrdnəs/

the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

heresynounUS /ˈherəsi/

any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

incumbentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkʌmbənt/

lying or leaning on something else

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

infidelitynounUS /ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti/

the quality of being unfaithful

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

LucasnounUS /ˈluːkəs/

United States screenwriter and filmmaker (born in 1944)

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

martialadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

miennounUS /miːn/

dignified manner or conduct

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

mistakenadjectiveUS /mɪˈsteɪkən/

wrong in e.g. opinion or judgment

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

occasionsnounUS /əˈkeɪʒənz/

something you have to do

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

passionsnounUS /ˈpæʃənz/

plural of “passion” — a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

peculiarlyadverbUS /pɪˈkjuːljərli/

uniquely or characteristically

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

RebeccanounUS /rəˈbekə/

(Old Testament) wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

relaxedadjectiveUS /rɪˈlækst/

without strain or anxiety

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

resembleverbUS /rɪˈzembəl/

appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

RICHARD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

severitynounUS /sɪˈverɪti/

used of the degree of something undesirable e.g. pain or weather

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

softeningnounUS /ˈsɔːfənɪŋ/

the process of becoming softer

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

subduingverbUS /səbˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “subdue” — put down by force or intimidation

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

supremeadjectiveUS /səˈpriːm/

final or last in your life or progress

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

twiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

unfriended

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

unwontedadjective

unaccustomed or unusual

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

Chapter 35 of Ivanhoe: A Romance by Walter Scott holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 35 of Ivanhoe: A Romance contain?

Chapter 35 holds 116 sentences of Ivanhoe: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 35 of Ivanhoe: A Romance by Walter Scott exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 35 of Ivanhoe: A Romance?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 35 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 35 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ivanhoe: A Romance

Common questions about reading Ivanhoe: A Romance by Walter Scott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ivanhoe: A Romance?

Yes. All 6115 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #82 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ivanhoe: A Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #82, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ivanhoe: A Romance take to read?

About 509 minutes of reading across 1223 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Ivanhoe: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ivanhoe: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fitted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ivanhoe: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Halter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ivanhoe: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Traversed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ivanhoe: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Often
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ivanhoe: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.