Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Ivanhoe: A Romance
Ivanhoe: A Romance

Chapter XXXV

Cover illustration for Ivanhoe: A Romance
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
—There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.
RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.
He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.
His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.
He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ivanhoe: A Romance

Chapter XXXV

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
—There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.
Line 2
RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.
Line 3
He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.
Line 4
His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.
Line 5
He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Alone noun US /alone/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.”

Appearance noun US /ˈappearance/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.”

Creature noun US /ˈcreature/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.”

Cruel adjective US /ˈkruːəl/

causing pain or showing no kindness

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

Duty noun US /ˈduːti/

a responsibility that must be carried out

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

Even noun US /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.”

Herself pronoun US /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading “His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

Point noun US /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading “—There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.”

Thee pronoun US /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading “—There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.”

Though conjunction US /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading “He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.”

Whence adverb US /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading “He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

affected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

alonenounUS /alone/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

appearancenounUS /ˈappearance/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

arose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

ascetic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

Beaumanoir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

beautiful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

cold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

conceived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

courage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

creaturenounUS /ˈcreature/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

crossed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

causing pain or showing no kindness

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

daring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

defending

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

doubting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

a responsibility that must be carried out

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

enjoyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

eradicating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

EvennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

extremest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

features

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

gage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

gazed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

gradually

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

hardened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

hardness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

heart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

heresy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

high

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

II

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

incumbent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

infidelity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

Lucas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

martial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

mien

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

mistaken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

nature

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

necessity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

occasions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

originally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

passions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

peculiarly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

power

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

prove

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

pursued

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

Rebecca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

relaxed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

resemble

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

RICHARD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

sense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

severe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

severity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

softening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

spirit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

steel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

subduing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

supposed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

supreme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

sword

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

throw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading —There I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of martial daring.

twice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

unfriended

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

unwonted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

used

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

usual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His features relaxed in their usual severity as he gazed upon the beautiful creature before him, alone, unfriended, and defending herself with so much spirit and courage.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading RICHARD II Even Lucas Beaumanoir himself was affected by the mien and appearance of Rebecca.

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading He crossed himself twice, as doubting whence arose the unwonted softening of a heart, which on such occasions used to resemble in hardness the steel of his sword.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was not originally a cruel or even a severe man; but with passions by nature cold, and with a high, though mistaken, sense of duty, his heart had been gradually hardened by the ascetic life which he pursued, the supreme power which he enjoyed, and the supposed necessity of subduing infidelity and eradicating heresy, which he conceived peculiarly incumbent on him.