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I've Been Thinking
I've Been Thinking

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of I've Been Thinking is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
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Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.
He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.
But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.
It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.
Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

I've Been Thinking

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of I've Been Thinking is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.
/ˈmɪstər dʒɔːrdʒ ˈrʌθərfərd æz aɪ hæv ˈhɪntəd ɪn ə ˈfɔːrmər ˈtʃæptər wɑːz bɪˈkʌmɪŋ enˈtæŋɡəld ɪn hɪz peˈkjuːnieri ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/
Line 2
He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.
/hiː hæd noʊ fɪrz æz jet ðæt hiː ʃʊd nɑːt biː ˈeɪbəl tuː peɪ ˈevəri ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃən ənd hæv ə ˈkɑːmpətɪnsi left bʌt hɪz ˈsensətɪv ˈspɪrət wɑːz ˈkiːnli əˈlaɪv tuː ðæt kaɪnd ʌv hjuːˈmɪlieɪtɪŋ ˈdefərəns wɪtʃ ɪz ˈɔːlweɪz mɔːr ɔːr les dɪˈmændəd ənd rəˈsiːvd baɪ ðoʊz huː mɔːr ˈkælkjəleɪtɪŋ ɪn ðer ˈhæbəts kiːp ðer ˈkæpətəl æt kəˈmænd ənd ɑːr eˈneɪbəld tuː ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ ðer ˈredi ˈmʌni fɔːr ðə ˈbɑːroʊərz sɪˈkjʊrəti/
Line 3
But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.
/bʌt ˌwʌˈtevər əˈnɔɪəns ɔːr ˈɪnwərd ˈtɔːrment hiː ˈsʌfərd wɑːz ˈkerfəli kənˈsiːld wɪˈðɪn hɪz oʊn brest hiː kʊd nɑːt ber tuː θroʊ ə ʃeɪd ˈoʊvər ðə braɪt ənd ˈdʒɔɪəs hɑːrt ʌv hɪz waɪf/
Line 4
It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.
Line 5
Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.
/ˈɔːfən wʊd ʃiː kʌm tuː hɪm æz hiː sæt ˈmjuːzɪŋ æt ðə kloʊs ʌv deɪ ənd æsk wʌt ɪz ɪt dʒɔːrdʒ dʌz ˈeniθɪŋ ˈtrʌbəl juː ðiːz ˈrɪŋkəlz ɑːr ˈtruːli bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ tuː biː ˈpɜːrmənənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

borrower's noun US /ˈbɑːroʊərz/

possessive form of “borrower” — someone who receives something on the promise to return it or its equivalent

From this reading “He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.”

calculating adjective US /ˈkælkjəleɪtɪŋ/

acting with a specific goal

From this reading “He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.”

competency noun US /ˈkɑːmpətɪnsi/

the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually

From this reading “He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.”

entangled adjective US /enˈtæŋɡəld/

deeply involved especially in something complicated

From this reading “Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.”

humiliating adjective US /hjuːˈmɪlieɪtɪŋ/

causing awareness of your shortcomings

From this reading “He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.”

pecuniary adjective US /peˈkjuːnieri/

relating to or involving money

From this reading “Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.”

Rutherford noun US /ˈrʌθərfərd/

a unit strength of a radioactive source equal to one million disintegrations per second

From this reading “Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.”

wrinkles noun US /ˈrɪŋkəlz/

plural of “wrinkle” — a slight depression or fold in the smoothness of a surface

From this reading “Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

keenly alive adverb + adjective

In this reading “He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.”

carefully concealed adverb + adjective

In this reading “But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.”

sat musing noun + noun

In this reading “Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.”

former chapter adjective + noun

In this reading “Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.”

ready money adjective + noun

money in the form of cash that is readily available

In this reading “He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.”

own breast verb + noun

In this reading “But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.”

lay upon verb + particle

In this reading “It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.”

All words in this reading · 129

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

annoyancenounUS /əˈnɔɪəns/

the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

borrower'snounUS /ˈbɑːroʊərz/

possessive form of “borrower” — someone who receives something on the promise to return it or its equivalent

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

calculatingadjectiveUS /ˈkælkjəleɪtɪŋ/

acting with a specific goal

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

cloudverbUS /klaʊd/

make overcast or cloudy

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

competencynounUS /ˈkɑːmpətɪnsi/

the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

concealedadjectiveUS /kənˈsiːld/

not accessible to view

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

deferencenounUS /ˈdefərəns/

a courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

devotednessnoun

feelings of ardent love

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

enabledverbUS /eˈneɪbəld/

past form of “enable” — render capable or able for some task

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

entangledadjectiveUS /enˈtæŋɡəld/

deeply involved especially in something complicated

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

exchangenounUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

fearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

hintedverbUS /ˈhɪntəd/

past form of “hint” — drop a hint; intimate by a hint

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

humiliatingadjectiveUS /hjuːˈmɪlieɪtɪŋ/

causing awareness of your shortcomings

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

inwardadjectiveUS /ˈɪnwərd/

relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

joyousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

keenlyadverbUS /ˈkiːnli/

in a keen or penetrating way

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

musingnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪŋ/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

obligationnounUS /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃən/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

OftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

pecuniaryadjectiveUS /peˈkjuːnieri/

relating to or involving money

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

perceiveverbUS /pərˈsiːv/

to become aware of through the senses

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

permanentadjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

RutherfordnounUS /ˈrʌθərfərd/

a unit strength of a radioactive source equal to one million disintegrations per second

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

securitynounUS /sɪˈkjʊrəti/

the state of being free from danger or injury

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

sensitiveadjectiveUS /ˈsensətɪv/

responsive to physical stimuli

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

tormentnounUS /ˈtɔːrment/

unbearable physical pain

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

troublousadjective

full of trouble

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr. George Rutherford, as I have hinted in a former chapter, was becoming entangled in his pecuniary circumstances.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was, however, impossible that one who loved with such entire devotedness, should not perceive when some dark and troublous cloud lay upon the object of her affection.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading But whatever annoyance or inward torment he suffered was carefully concealed within his own breast; he could not bear to throw a shade over the bright and joyous heart of his wife.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

wrinklesnounUS /ˈrɪŋkəlz/

plural of “wrinkle” — a slight depression or fold in the smoothness of a surface

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading He had no fears as yet that he should not be able to pay every obligation, and have a competency left; but his sensitive spirit was keenly alive to that kind of humiliating deference which is always more or less demanded and received by those who, more calculating in their habits, keep their capital at command, and are enabled to exchange their ready money for the borrower's security.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Often would she come to him as he sat musing, at the close of day, and ask-- 'What is it, George! does anything trouble you? these wrinkles are truly beginning to be permanent.

Chapter 16 of I've Been Thinking by A. S. (Azel Stevens) Roe holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of I've Been Thinking contain?

Chapter 16 holds 50 sentences of I've Been Thinking, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of I've Been Thinking by A. S. (Azel Stevens) Roe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of I've Been Thinking?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading I've Been Thinking

Common questions about reading I've Been Thinking by A. S. (Azel Stevens) Roe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of I've Been Thinking?

Yes. All 4748 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39461 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of I've Been Thinking is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39461, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does I've Been Thinking take to read?

About 395 minutes of reading across 950 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read I've Been Thinking section by section

How to work through I've Been Thinking section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of I've Been Thinking to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in I've Been Thinking

Words and structures a reader meets early in I've Been Thinking, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Where
A word that appears in the opening chapter of I've Been Thinking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Working
A word that appears in the opening chapter of I've Been Thinking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Raise
A word that appears in the opening chapter of I've Been Thinking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vegetables
A word that appears in the opening chapter of I've Been Thinking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.