Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3)

Chapter VII · Old London Bridge

Chapter VII of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3), “Old London Bridge,” is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.
But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.
Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.
It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.
The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3)

Chapter VII · Old London Bridge

Chapter VII of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3), “Old London Bridge,” is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.
/ˈlʌndən æt ðə ˈpɪriəd ʌv ðɪs ˈhɪstəri ˈboʊstəd ˈoʊnli ə ˈsɪŋɡəl brɪdʒ/
Line 2
But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.
/bʌt ðæt brɪdʒ wɑːz mɔːr rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl ðæn ˈeni ðə məˈtrɑːpələs naʊ pəˈzesəz/
Line 3
Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.
/ˈkʌvərd wɪð ˈhaʊsəz frʌm wʌn end tuː ðə ˈʌðər ðɪs ˈrevərənd ənd ˈpɪktʃərəsk ˈstrʌktʃər priˈzentɪd ðə əˈpɪrəns ʌv ə striːt əˈkrɔːs ðə temz/
Line 4
It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.
Line 5
The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ceaseless adjective US /ˈsiːslɪs/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading “It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.”

gloomier adjective US /ˈɡluːmiər/

comparative of “gloomy” — depressingly dark

From this reading “The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.”

magazines noun US /ˈmæɡəziːnz/

plural of “magazine” — a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading “It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.”

metropolis noun US /məˈtrɑːpələs/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading “But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.”

narrower adjective US /ˈneroʊər/

comparative of “narrow” — not wide

From this reading “The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.”

Surrey noun US /ˈsɜːri/

a county in southeastern England on the Thames

From this reading “It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.”

Thames noun US /temz/

the longest river in England; flows eastward through London to the North Sea

From this reading “Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.”

thoroughfare noun US /ˈθɜːroʊfer/

a public road from one place to another

From this reading “The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

presented the appearance verb + article + noun counted as “present … appearance”

In this reading “Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

boastedverbUS /ˈboʊstəd/

past form of “boast” — show off

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

ceaselessadjectiveUS /ˈsiːslɪs/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

CoveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

gloomieradjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmiər/

comparative of “gloomy” — depressingly dark

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

Grace-church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

magazinesnounUS /ˈmæɡəziːnz/

plural of “magazine” — a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

metropolisnounUS /məˈtrɑːpələs/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

Middlesex

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

narroweradjectiveUS /ˈneroʊər/

comparative of “narrow” — not wide

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

passengersnounUS /ˈpæsəndʒərz/

plural of “passenger” — a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

possessesverbUS /pəˈzesəz/

third-person singular of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

reverendnounUS /ˈrevərənd/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

shopsnounUS /ʃɑːps/

plural of “shop” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

street-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

SurreynounUS /ˈsɜːri/

a county in southeastern England on the Thames

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

ThamesnounUS /temz/

the longest river in England; flows eastward through London to the North Sea

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading London, at the period of this history, boasted only a single bridge.

thoroughfarenounUS /ˈθɜːroʊfer/

a public road from one place to another

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

throngnounUS /θrɔːŋ/

a large gathering of people

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading The houses were older, the shops gloomier, and the thoroughfare narrower, it is true; but the bustle, the crowd, the street-like air was the same.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But that bridge was more remarkable than any the metropolis now possesses.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was as if Grace-church Street, with all its shops, its magazines, and ceaseless throng of passengers, were stretched from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Covered with houses, from one end to the other, this reverend and picturesque structure presented the appearance of a street across the Thames.

Chapter 7 of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3) by William Harrison Ainsworth holds 148 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 7 holds 148 sentences of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3) by William Harrison Ainsworth exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 148 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3)?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3) by William Harrison Ainsworth on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3)?

Yes. All 3440 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44521 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44521, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3) take to read?

About 286 minutes of reading across 688 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friday
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
November
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eleven
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jack Sheppard: A Romance, Vol. 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.