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Jack the Young Explorer
Jack the Young Explorer

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Jack the Young Explorer is here in full — 192 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Jack the Young Explorer
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.
The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.
Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.
Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.
The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jack the Young Explorer

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Jack the Young Explorer is here in full — 192 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.
Line 2
The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.
/ðə er wɑːz wɔːrm ənd ðə sʌn braɪt bʌt ˈevəri naʊ ənd ðen ə drɪft ʌv briːz keɪm daʊn tuː ðem wɪtʃ felt kuːl fɔːr ðeɪ hæd bɪn ˈwɜːrkɪŋ hɑːrd ənd ðer ˈɡɑːrmənts wɜːr dæmp wɪð ˌpɜːrspərˈeɪʃən/
Line 3
Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.
Line 4
Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.
/ˈprezəntli ðeɪ keɪm əˈpɑːn ðə træks ʌv sʌm lɑːrdʒ ˈænəməlz ˈiːðər ʃiːp ɔːr ɡoʊts wɪtʃ hæd pæst ˈoʊvər ðə mərˈeɪn nɑːt lɔːŋ bɪˈfɔːr/
Line 5
The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bighorn noun US /ˈbɪɡhɔːrn/

a river that flows from central Wyoming to the Yellowstone River in southern Montana

From this reading “A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.”

clamber verb US /ˈklæmbər/

climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling

From this reading “Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.”

climbers noun US /ˈklaɪmərz/

plural of “climber” — a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants

From this reading “A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.”

glacier noun US /ˈɡleɪʃər/

a slowly moving mass of ice

From this reading “Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.”

goats noun US /ɡoʊts/

plural of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading “Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.”

moraine noun US /mərˈeɪn/

accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier

From this reading “Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.”

mountainside noun US /ˈmaʊntənsaɪd/

the side or slope of a mountain

From this reading “The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.”

perspiration noun US /ˌpɜːrspərˈeɪʃən/

salty fluid secreted by sweat glands

From this reading “The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sheltered spot adjective + noun

In this reading “A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.”

rocky point adjective + noun

In this reading “The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.”

passed over verb + particle counted as “pass over”

bypass

In this reading “Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.”

came down verb + adjective counted as “come down”

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

In this reading “The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.”

with perspiration preposition + noun

In this reading “The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.”

ran out verb + adjective counted as “run out”

become used up; be exhausted

In this reading “The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.”

at the foot preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.”

came upon verb + particle counted as “come upon”

find unexpectedly

In this reading “Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

atenounUS /eɪt/

goddess of criminal rashness and its punishment

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

BIGHORNnounUS /ˈbɪɡhɔːrn/

a river that flows from central Wyoming to the Yellowstone River in southern Montana

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

breezenounUS /briːz/

a slight wind (usually refreshing)

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

clamberverbUS /ˈklæmbər/

climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

climbersnounUS /ˈklaɪmərz/

plural of “climber” — a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

driftverbUS /drɪft/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

FATadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

garmentsnounUS /ˈɡɑːrmənts/

plural of “garment” — an article of clothing

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

glaciernounUS /ˈɡleɪʃər/

a slowly moving mass of ice

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

goatsnounUS /ɡoʊts/

plural of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

Hugh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

lunchverbUS /lʌntʃ/

take the midday meal

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

morainal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

morainenounUS /mərˈeɪn/

accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

mountainsidenounUS /ˈmaʊntənsaɪd/

the side or slope of a mountain

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

peaksnounUS /piːks/

plural of “peak” — the most extreme possible amount or value

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

perspirationnounUS /ˌpɜːrspərˈeɪʃən/

salty fluid secreted by sweat glands

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

pipenounUS /paɪp/

a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

presentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

ridgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

shelteredadjectiveUS /ˈʃeltərd/

protected from danger or bad weather

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

smokedadjectiveUS /smoʊkt/

(used especially of meats and fish) dried and cured by hanging in wood smoke

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

snow-coveredadjective

covered with snow

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading A FAT BIGHORN In a sheltered spot at the foot of a great morainal ridge the three climbers sat down and ate their lunch.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

tracksnounUS /træks/

plural of “track” — a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Hugh smoked his pipe, and then presently they rose and started to clamber further up the glacier.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Presently they came upon the tracks of some large animals, either sheep or goats, which had passed over the moraine not long before.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The surface of the ground was so hard that they could not be sure what these animals were, but looking over the snow-covered ice before them, they could see the tracks passing up over it, and at last turning up toward the peaks behind a rocky point which ran out from the mountainside.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading The air was warm and the sun bright, but every now and then a drift of breeze came down to them which felt cool, for they had been working hard and their garments were damp with perspiration.

Chapter 18 of Jack the Young Explorer by George Bird Grinnell holds 192 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Jack the Young Explorer contain?

Chapter 18 holds 192 sentences of Jack the Young Explorer, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Jack the Young Explorer by George Bird Grinnell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 192 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Jack the Young Explorer?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Jack the Young Explorer

Common questions about reading Jack the Young Explorer by George Bird Grinnell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Jack the Young Explorer?

Yes. All 3769 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45443 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Jack the Young Explorer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45443, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Jack the Young Explorer take to read?

About 314 minutes of reading across 754 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Jack the Young Explorer section by section

How to work through Jack the Young Explorer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Jack the Young Explorer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Jack the Young Explorer

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jack the Young Explorer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Experiences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jack the Young Explorer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unknown
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jack the Young Explorer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Northwest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jack the Young Explorer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jack the Young Explorer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.