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Jacob's Room
Jacob's Room

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Jacob's Room is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Jacob's Room
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.
And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.
But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.
When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.
The buses punctually stop.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jacob's Room

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Jacob's Room is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.
Line 2
And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.
Line 3
But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.
Line 4
When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.
Line 5
The buses punctually stop.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buses noun US /ˈbʌsɪz/

plural of “bus” — a vehicle carrying many passengers; used for public transport

From this reading “The buses punctually stop.”

distinctions noun US /dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz/

plural of “distinction” — a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading “When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.”

impassive adjective US /ˌɪmˈpæsɪv/

having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; not easily aroused or excited

From this reading “And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.”

laboratories noun US /ˈlæbrətɔːriz/

plural of “laboratory” — a workplace for the conduct of scientific research

From this reading “These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.”

oar noun US /ɔːr/

an implement used to propel or steer a boat

From this reading “These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.”

ounce noun US /aʊns/

a unit of apothecary weight equal to 480 grains or one twelfth of a troy pound

From this reading “When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.”

padded adjective US /ˈpædɪd/

softened by the addition of cushions or padding

From this reading “But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.”

sculptured adjective US /ˈskʌlptʃərd/

cut into a desired shape

From this reading “And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

busesnounUS /ˈbʌsɪz/

plural of “bus” — a vehicle carrying many passengers; used for public transport

From this reading The buses punctually stop.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

chancellories

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

CircusnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəs/

a travelling company of entertainers; including trained animals

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

commercenounUS /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

dealtverbUS /delt/

inflected form of “deal” — act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

distinctionsnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz/

plural of “distinction” — a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

divertedadjectiveUS /daɪˈvɜːrtɪd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

finger-tips

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

impassiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpæsɪv/

having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; not easily aroused or excited

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

impulsesnounUS /ˈɪmpəlsɪz/

plural of “impulse” — an instinctive motive

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

incessantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsesənt/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

laboratoriesnounUS /ˈlæbrətɔːriz/

plural of “laboratory” — a workplace for the conduct of scientific research

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

leanverbUS /liːn/

to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

Ludgate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

oarnounUS /ɔːr/

an implement used to propel or steer a boat

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

ouncenounUS /aʊns/

a unit of apothecary weight equal to 480 grains or one twelfth of a troy pound

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

paddedadjectiveUS /ˈpædɪd/

softened by the addition of cushions or padding

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

policemannounUS /pəˈliːsmən/

a member of a police force

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

punctuallyadverb

at the expected or proper time

From this reading The buses punctually stop.

regretsnounUS /rɪˈɡrets/

a polite refusal of an invitation

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

risesnounUS /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

rotunditynoun

the roundness of a 3-dimensional object

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

sculpturedadjectiveUS /ˈskʌlptʃərd/

cut into a desired shape

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

sentimentaladjectiveUS /ˌsentəˈmentəl/

given to or marked by sentiment or sentimentality

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

shoulderverbUS /ˈʃoʊldər/

lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

smoothlyadverbUS /ˈsmuːðli/

with no problems or difficulties

From this reading And they are dealt by men as smoothly sculptured as the impassive policeman at Ludgate Circus.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

stiffadjectiveUS /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading The buses punctually stop.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

strokesnounUS /stroʊks/

plural of “stroke” — (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

veinsnounUS /veɪnz/

plural of “vein” — a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

wire-drawn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When his right arm rises, all the force in his veins flows straight from shoulder to finger-tips; not an ounce is diverted into sudden impulses, sentimental regrets, wire-drawn distinctions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading These actions, together with the incessant commerce of banks, laboratories, chancellories, and houses of business, are the strokes which oar the world forward, they say.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading But you will observe that far from being padded to rotundity his face is stiff from force of will, and lean from the efforts of keeping it so.

Chapter 8 of Jacob's Room by Virginia Woolf holds 411 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Jacob's Room contain?

Chapter 8 holds 411 sentences of Jacob's Room, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Jacob's Room by Virginia Woolf exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 411 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Jacob's Room?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Jacob's Room

Common questions about reading Jacob's Room by Virginia Woolf on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Jacob's Room?

Yes. All 3298 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5670 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Jacob's Room is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5670, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Jacob's Room take to read?

About 274 minutes of reading across 660 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Jacob's Room section by section

How to work through Jacob's Room section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Jacob's Room to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Jacob's Room

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jacob's Room, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Course
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jacob's Room; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wrote
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jacob's Room; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Betty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jacob's Room; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Flanders
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jacob's Room; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.