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James Russell Lowell, A Biography
James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
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VOL.
I.
“NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.”
The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.
If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
VOL.
Line 2
I.
/aɪ/
Line 3
“NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.”
/nɔːt kæn biː ənˈwɜːrði dʌn fɔːr juː/
Line 4
The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.
Line 5
If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annotated verb US /ˌænəˈteɪtɪd/

past form of “annotate” — add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments

From this reading “If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.”

biography noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading “The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.”

edited adjective US /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading “The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.”

Eliot noun US /ˈeliət/

British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)

From this reading “The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.”

Lowell noun US /ˈloʊəl/

United States poet (1917-1977)

From this reading “The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.”

naught noun US /nɔːt/

a quantity of no importance

From this reading ““NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.””

Russell noun US /ˈrʌsəl/

United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)

From this reading “The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.”

voluminous adjective US /vəˈluːmənəs/

large in volume or bulk

From this reading “If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

own account verb + noun

In this reading “If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.”

two volumes noun + noun counted as “two volume”

In this reading “The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

annotatedverbUS /ˌænəˈteɪtɪd/

past form of “annotate” — add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

BEauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.”

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

biographynounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

CANmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading “NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.”

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

correspondencenounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

DONEadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading “NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.”

editedadjectiveUS /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

EliotnounUS /ˈeliət/

British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.”

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

LowellnounUS /ˈloʊəl/

United States poet (1917-1977)

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

Lowell's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

NAUGHTnounUS /nɔːt/

a quantity of no importance

From this reading “NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.”

Norton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

RussellnounUS /ˈrʌsəl/

United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

UNWORTHYadjectiveUS /ənˈwɜːrði/

lacking in value or merit

From this reading “NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.”

VOL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VOL.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading The existence of the two volumes of _Letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot Norton_, has determined the character of this biography.

voluminousadjectiveUS /vəˈluːmənəs/

large in volume or bulk

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If they had not been published, I might have made a _Life and Letters_ which would have been in the main Lowell’s own account of himself, in his voluminous correspondence, annotated only by such further account of him as his letters failed to supply.

YOUpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “NAUGHT CAN BE UNWORTHY, DONE FOR YOU.”

Chapter 1 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography by Horace Elisha Scudder holds 23 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography contain?

Chapter 1 holds 23 sentences of James Russell Lowell, A Biography, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography by Horace Elisha Scudder exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 23 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Common questions about reading James Russell Lowell, A Biography by Horace Elisha Scudder on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of James Russell Lowell, A Biography?

Yes. All 4497 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57776 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of James Russell Lowell, A Biography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does James Russell Lowell, A Biography take to read?

About 374 minutes of reading across 900 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read James Russell Lowell, A Biography section by section

How to work through James Russell Lowell, A Biography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Words and structures a reader meets early in James Russell Lowell, A Biography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Naught
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unworthy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Existence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.