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James Russell Lowell, A Biography
James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography is here in full — 821 sentences across 165 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/164 · 5 lines
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FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.
His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.
Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.
Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.
Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography is here in full — 821 sentences across 165 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/164 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.
Line 2
His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.
Line 3
Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.
/ˈdʒɜːrməni ɪt wɑːz ˈprɑːpərli sed tuː hɪm wɑːz noʊ pleɪs fɔːr ðə ˈstʌdi ʌv lɔː baɪ æn əˈmerəkən ənd ðə lɔː wɑːz rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd æz hɪz voʊˈkeɪʃən/
Line 4
Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.
Line 5
Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.
/ənˈkwestʃənəbli ðə ˈmɪnəstri ˈoʊpənd ə fer weɪ ʌv laɪf tuː hɪm ˈsʌmˈwʌt æz ɪt hæd les ðæn ə skɔːr ʌv jɪrz ˈɜːrliər tuː ˈemərsən ðoʊ ðə kənˈdɪʃənz hæd ɔːlˈredi bɪˈɡʌn tuː tʃeɪndʒ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

academic adjective US /ˌækəˈdemɪk/

associated with academia or an academy

From this reading “His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.”

embryo noun US /ˈembrioʊ/

(botany) a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium

From this reading “Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.”

forecast verb US /ˈfɔːrkæst/

predict in advance

From this reading “FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.”

Lowell noun US /ˈloʊəl/

United States poet (1917-1977)

From this reading “FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.”

plies noun US /plaɪz/

plural of “ply” — one of the strands twisted together to make yarn or rope or thread; often used in combination

From this reading “Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.”

professions noun US /prəˈfeʃənz/

plural of “profession” — the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading “Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.”

Unquestionably adverb US /ənˈkwestʃənəbli/

without question

From this reading “Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.”

ventures noun US /ˈventʃərz/

plural of “venture” — any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading “FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Vaguely conscious adverb + adjective

In this reading “Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.”

within the shelter preposition + article + noun counted as “within … shelter”

In this reading “His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1838

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

1844

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

academicadjectiveUS /ˌækəˈdemɪk/

associated with academia or an academy

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

artistnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

assiduitynoun

great and constant diligence and attention

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

attractverbUS /əˈtrækt/

direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

callingnounUS /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

cherishverbUS /ˈtʃerɪʃ/

be fond of; be attached to

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

collegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

devotionnounUS /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

feelings of ardent love

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

embryonounUS /ˈembrioʊ/

(botany) a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

EmersonnounUS /ˈemərsən/

United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

encouragementnounUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒmənt/

the expression of approval and support

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

forecastverbUS /ˈfɔːrkæst/

predict in advance

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

lingerverbUS /ˈlɪŋɡər/

remain present although waning or gradually dying

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

LowellnounUS /ˈloʊəl/

United States poet (1917-1977)

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

ministrynounUS /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

notionnounUS /ˈnoʊʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

pennounUS /pen/

a writing implement with a point from which ink flows

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

pencilnounUS /ˈpensəl/

a thin cylindrical pointed writing implement; a rod of marking substance encased in wood

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

pliesnounUS /plaɪz/

plural of “ply” — one of the strands twisted together to make yarn or rope or thread; often used in combination

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

professionsnounUS /prəˈfeʃənz/

plural of “profession” — the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

pursuancenoun

a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

reviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

scorenounUS /skɔːr/

a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

sketchesnounUS /ˈsketʃəz/

plural of “sketch” — preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

studyingnounUS /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

UnquestionablyadverbUS /ənˈkwestʃənəbli/

without question

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

VaguelyadverbUS /ˈveɪɡli/

in a vague way

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

VENTURESnounUS /ˈventʃərz/

plural of “venture” — any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading FIRST VENTURES 1838-1844 As his college course drew near its close, Lowell began to forecast his immediate future.

vocationnounUS /voʊˈkeɪʃən/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading Germany, it was properly said to him, was no place for the study of law by an American, and the law was regarded as his vocation.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Vaguely conscious of his real calling, Lowell passed in review the two professions of the ministry and the law, which at that time would be likely to attract one who had begun to use his pen with as much assiduity as an embryo artist plies his pencil in sketches.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading His growing devotion to letters, especially to poetry, and perhaps the wish to linger a little longer within the shelter of the academic life, led him to cherish the notion of studying a while in Germany, and he wrote to his father, who was still abroad, in pursuance of this plan; but he received no encouragement.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Unquestionably the ministry opened a fair way of life to him, somewhat as it had, less than a score of years earlier, to Emerson, though the conditions had already begun to change.

Chapter 4 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography by Horace Elisha Scudder holds 821 sentences, grouped into 165 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography contain?

Chapter 4 holds 821 sentences of James Russell Lowell, A Biography, unabridged, divided into 165 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography by Horace Elisha Scudder exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 821 sentences, grouped into 165 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography?

Work through the 165 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 165 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Common questions about reading James Russell Lowell, A Biography by Horace Elisha Scudder on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of James Russell Lowell, A Biography?

Yes. All 4497 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57776 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #57776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does James Russell Lowell, A Biography take to read?

About 374 minutes of reading across 900 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through James Russell Lowell, A Biography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Words and structures a reader meets early in James Russell Lowell, A Biography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Naught
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unworthy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Existence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.