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James Russell Lowell, A Biography
James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography is here in full — 391 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.
Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.
His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.
She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.
Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography is here in full — 391 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.
Line 2
Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.
Line 3
His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.
/hɪz ˈmʌðər huːz ˈmælədi ˈsloʊli bʌt ˈstedəli ˌɪnˈkriːst wɑːz ˈʌndər ˈwɑːtʃfəl ker/
Line 4
She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.
/ʃiː wɑːz ˈteɪkən tuː ˈveriəs helθ rɪˈzɔːrts ɪn hoʊps ʌv rɪˈkʌvri ənd spent ə pɑːrt ʌv hɜːr læst jɪrz ˈʌndər mɔːr ˈkɑːnstənt ˈtriːtmənt æt æn əˈsaɪləm fɔːr ðə ˈmentəli dɪˈreɪndʒd/
Line 5
Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.
/mɪs rəˈbekə ˈloʊəl hæd tʃɑːrdʒ ʌv ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈhaʊshoʊld ənd naʊ ənd ðen went ɑːn ˈdʒɜːrniz wɪð hɜːr ˈfɑːðər ɔːr ˈmʌðər ɔːr boʊθ ˈliːvɪŋ ðə jʌŋ ˈkʌpəl tuː ðemˈselvz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deranged adjective US /dɪˈreɪndʒd/

driven insane

From this reading “She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.”

Elmwood noun US /ˈelmwʊd/

hard tough wood of an elm tree; used for e.g. implements and furniture

From this reading “SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.”

farming noun US /ˈfɑːrmɪŋ/

the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

From this reading “Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.”

gardening noun US /ˈɡɑːrdənɪŋ/

the cultivation of plants

From this reading “Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.”

Lowell noun US /ˈloʊəl/

United States poet (1917-1977)

From this reading “Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.”

malady noun US /ˈmælədi/

any unwholesome or desperate condition

From this reading “His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.”

resorts noun US /rɪˈzɔːrts/

plural of “resort” — a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading “She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.”

societies noun US /səˈsaɪətiz/

plural of “society” — an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading “Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

steadily increased adverb + adjective

In this reading “His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.”

watchful care adjective + noun

In this reading “His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.”

SIX YEARS noun + noun

In this reading “SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.”

four months noun + noun counted as “four month”

In this reading “SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.”

young couple adjective + noun

In this reading “Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.”

married life adjective + noun

In this reading “SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.”

went on verb + particle counted as “go on”

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

In this reading “Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.”

charge of verb + particle

In this reading “Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1845

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

1851

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

asylumnounUS /əˈsaɪləm/

a shelter from danger or hardship

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

BostonnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

derangedadjectiveUS /dɪˈreɪndʒd/

driven insane

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

ElmwoodnounUS /ˈelmwʊd/

hard tough wood of an elm tree; used for e.g. implements and furniture

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

farmingnounUS /ˈfɑːrmɪŋ/

the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

gardeningnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənɪŋ/

the cultivation of plants

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.

indulgencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

journeysnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrniz/

plural of “journey” — the act of traveling from one place to another

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

LowellnounUS /ˈloʊəl/

United States poet (1917-1977)

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

Lowell's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

Lowells

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

maladynounUS /ˈmælədi/

any unwholesome or desperate condition

From this reading His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

mentallyadverbUS /ˈmentəli/

in your mind

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

ParishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

partialadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːrʃəl/

being or affecting only a part; not total

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

pleasuresnounUS /ˈpleʒərz/

plural of “pleasure” — a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

RebeccanounUS /rəˈbekə/

(Old Testament) wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

recoverynounUS /rɪˈkʌvri/

return to an original state

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

resortsnounUS /rɪˈzɔːrts/

plural of “resort” — a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

retainedadjectiveUS /rɪˈteɪnd/

continued in your keeping or use or memory

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

SIXnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

societiesnounUS /səˈsaɪətiz/

plural of “society” — an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading She was taken to various health resorts in hopes of recovery, and spent a part of her last years under more constant treatment at an asylum for the mentally deranged.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

watchfuladjectiveUS /ˈwɑːtʃfəl/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Lowell’s father retired in the summer of 1845 from active charge of the West Parish in Boston, but retained his interest in various societies which gave him partial occupation, leaving him leisure for the indulgence of his taste for reading and for the pleasures of gardening and small farming.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading His mother, whose malady slowly but steadily increased, was under watchful care.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

YEARSnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading SIX YEARS 1845-1851 When, in the spring of 1845, the Lowells returned to Cambridge from Philadelphia, where they had spent the first four months of their married life, it was to share the family home of Elmwood for the next six years.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Miss Rebecca Lowell had charge of the little household, and now and then went on journeys with her father or mother or both, leaving the young couple to themselves.

Chapter 7 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography by Horace Elisha Scudder holds 391 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography contain?

Chapter 7 holds 391 sentences of James Russell Lowell, A Biography, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography by Horace Elisha Scudder exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 391 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of James Russell Lowell, A Biography?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Common questions about reading James Russell Lowell, A Biography by Horace Elisha Scudder on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of James Russell Lowell, A Biography?

Yes. All 4497 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57776 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of James Russell Lowell, A Biography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does James Russell Lowell, A Biography take to read?

About 374 minutes of reading across 900 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read James Russell Lowell, A Biography section by section

How to work through James Russell Lowell, A Biography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in James Russell Lowell, A Biography

Words and structures a reader meets early in James Russell Lowell, A Biography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Naught
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unworthy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Existence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of James Russell Lowell, A Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.