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Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains
Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
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THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.
THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.
His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.
He was a painter.
The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.
Line 2
THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.
/ðə ˈbɪznəs men wɜːr hæf weɪ tuː ðer ˈbɪznəs wen ðə ˈʃæd.oʊ ʌv ðə ˈsuːti tʃɜːrtʃ stɪl fel əˈpɑːn wʌn ɔːr tuː ʌv ðə ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃən huː dɪˈspɜːrst mɔːr ˈsloʊli ə fjuː eɪdʒd puːr huː ˈlɪŋɡərd frʌm ɪnˈfɜːrmɪti æz wel æz ˈleʒər ənd ə mæn ˈniːðər ˈveri oʊld nɔːr ˈveri puːr huːz strɔːŋ lɪmz dɪd nɑːt ber hɪm əˈweɪ æt ə mʌtʃ ˈkwɪkər peɪs/
Line 3
His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.
/hɪz ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt ʌv ðə pəˈkjuːljər ˈpleʒərz ʌv æn ˈɜːrli wɔːk wɑːz dɪˈlɪbərət æz wel æz fʊl ənd ˈbʌsəl fɔːrmd noʊ ˈnesəseri pɑːrt ʌv hɪz treɪd/
Line 4
He was a painter.
/hiː wɑːz ə ˈpeɪntər/
Line 5
The business gentleman hurrying out of the BoysHome stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.
/ðə ˈbɪznəs ˈdʒentəlmən ˈhɜːriɪŋ aʊt ʌv ðə bɔɪz hoʊm ˈstʌmbəld əˈɡenst ðə ˈpeɪntər huːm hiː nuː bʌt huːm dʒʌst naʊ hiː wʊd nɑːt hæv bɪn ˈsɑːri tuː əˈvɔɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boilers noun US /ˈbɔɪlərz/

plural of “boiler” — sealed vessel where water is converted to steam

From this reading “THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.”

bustle noun US /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading “His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.”

congregation noun US /ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃən/

a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church

From this reading “THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.”

dispersed adjective US /dɪˈspɜːrst/

distributed or spread over a considerable extent

From this reading “THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.”

infirmity noun US /ɪnˈfɜːrmɪti/

the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)

From this reading “THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.”

omnibus noun US /ˈɑːmnəbəs/

an anthology of articles on a related subject or an anthology of the works of a single author

From this reading “THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.”

quicker adverb US /ˈkwɪkər/

more quickly

From this reading “THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.”

sooty adjective US /ˈsuːti/

of the blackest black; similar to the color of jet or coal

From this reading “THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

BOILERSnounUS /ˈbɔɪlərz/

plural of “boiler” — sealed vessel where water is converted to steam

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

BoysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

BUSINESSnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

CIMABUEnoun

painter of the Florentine school; anticipated the move from Byzantine to naturalistic art (1240-1302)

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

congregationnounUS /ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃən/

a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

deliberateadjectiveUS /dɪˈlɪbərət/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

dispersedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspɜːrst/

distributed or spread over a considerable extent

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

enjoymentnounUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt/

the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

GIOTTOnoun

Florentine painter who gave up the stiff Byzantine style and developed a more naturalistic style; considered the greatest Italian painter prior to the Renaissance (1267-1337)

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a painter.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

HomenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

hurryingadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːriɪŋ/

moving with great haste

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

infirmitynounUS /ɪnˈfɜːrmɪti/

the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

lingeredverbUS /ˈlɪŋɡərd/

past form of “linger” — remain present although waning or gradually dying

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

MANnounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

OMNIBUSnounUS /ˈɑːmnəbəs/

an anthology of articles on a related subject or an anthology of the works of a single author

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

pacenounUS /peɪs/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

PAINTERnounUS /ˈpeɪntər/

an artist who paints

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

PICTURESnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

pleasuresnounUS /ˈpleʒərz/

plural of “pleasure” — a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

POTnounUS /pɑːt/

metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

quickeradverbUS /ˈkwɪkər/

more quickly

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

SALMON-COLORED

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

sootyadjectiveUS /ˈsuːti/

of the blackest black; similar to the color of jet or coal

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

sorryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːri/

feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

stumbledverbUS /ˈstʌmbəld/

past form of “stumble” — walk unsteadily

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BUSINESS MAN AND THE PAINTER.—PICTURES AND POT BOILERS.—CIMABUE AND GIOTTO.—THE SALMON-COLORED OMNIBUS.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His enjoyment of the peculiar pleasures of an early walk was deliberate as well as full, and bustle formed no necessary part of his trade.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading THE business men were half way to their business when the shadow of the sooty church still fell upon one or two of the congregation who dispersed more slowly; a few aged poor who lingered from infirmity as well as leisure; and a man neither very old nor very poor, whose strong limbs did not bear him away at a much quicker pace.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The business gentleman hurrying out of the Boys’ Home stumbled against the painter, whom he knew, but whom just now he would not have been sorry to avoid.

Chapter 31 of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains by Juliana Horatia Ewing holds 59 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains contain?

Chapter 31 holds 59 sentences of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains by Juliana Horatia Ewing exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 59 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #5601, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 329 minutes of reading across 791 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Miller
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calculations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hopes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fears
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jan of the Windmill: A Story of the Plains; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.