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Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters
Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters is here in full — 273 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.
After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.
He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.
Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.
Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters is here in full — 273 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.
Line 2
After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.
Line 3
He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.
Line 4
Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.
/tʃɑːrlz huː fɔːr ten jɪrz hæd hæd ˈæktɪv bʌt ənɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ wɜːrk ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈθiːətər ʌv wɔːr naʊ keɪm mɔːr tuː ðə frʌnt/
Line 5
Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Austen's noun US /ˈɔːstɪnz/

possessive form of “austen” — English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)

From this reading “FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.”

Baltic noun US /ˈbɔːltɪk/

a sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy

From this reading “After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.”

Frank's noun US /fræŋks/

possessive form of “frank” — a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century

From this reading “After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.”

frigate noun US /ˈfrɪɡət/

a medium size square-rigged warship of the 18th and 19th centuries

From this reading “Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.”

indirectly adverb US /ˌɪndərˈektliː/

not in a forthright manner

From this reading “After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.”

operated verb US /ˈɑːpəreɪtəd/

past form of “operate” — direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.

From this reading “Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.”

Phoenix noun US /ˈfiːnɪks/

the state capital and largest city located in south central Arizona; situated in a former desert that has become a prosperous agricultural area thanks to irrigation

unexciting adjective US /ənɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/

not stimulating

From this reading “Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1814

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

1816

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

1817

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

Alton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

attendingnounUS /əˈtendɪŋ/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

Austen'snounUS /ˈɔːstɪnz/

possessive form of “austen” — English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

BalticnounUS /ˈbɔːltɪk/

a sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

Chawton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

CommandingadjectiveUS /kəˈmændɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

dependverbUS /dɪˈpend/

be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

eccentricadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsentrɪk/

conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

Elba

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

exclusivelyadverbUS /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/

without any others being included or involved

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

FAILINGnounUS /ˈfeɪlɪŋ/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

Frank'snounUS /fræŋks/

possessive form of “frank” — a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

frigatenounUS /ˈfrɪɡət/

a medium size square-rigged warship of the 18th and 19th centuries

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

HEALTHnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

indirectlyadverbUS /ˌɪndərˈektliː/

not in a forthright manner

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

Jane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

Murat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

NavaladjectiveUS /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

occupyingverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

operatedverbUS /ˈɑːpəreɪtəd/

past form of “operate” — direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

PhoenixnounUS /ˈfiːnɪks/

the state capital and largest city located in south central Arizona; situated in a former desert that has become a prosperous agricultural area thanks to irrigation

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

ReviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

sailornounUS /ˈseɪlər/

any member of a ship's crew

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

theatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

unexcitingadjectiveUS /ənɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/

not stimulating

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After Frank's return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading FAILING HEALTH 1816-1817 During the last year of Jane Austen's life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front.

Chapter 20 of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters by William Austen-Leigh holds 273 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters contain?

Chapter 20 holds 273 sentences of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters by William Austen-Leigh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 273 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters

Common questions about reading Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters by William Austen-Leigh on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters?

Yes. All 6159 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22536 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22536, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters take to read?

About 513 minutes of reading across 1232 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters section by section

How to work through Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sixteenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Living
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Horsmonden--a
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.