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Jane Sinclair
Jane Sinclair

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Jane Sinclair is here in full — 1341 sentences across 269 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/268 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.
This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.
We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.
But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.
We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jane Sinclair

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Jane Sinclair is here in full — 1341 sentences across 269 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/268 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.
Line 2
This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.
/ðɪs ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən əˈplaɪz ˈoʊnli tuː ðoʊz səˈbɔːrdəneɪt pəˈzɪʃənz ʌv laɪf wɪtʃ ˌɪnˈvɑːlv noʊ ɡreɪt ˈprɪnsəpəl ʌv ˈkɑːndəkt ənd ˈvaɪəleɪt noʊ ˈkɑːrdənəl pɔɪnt ʌv ˈhjuːmən ˈduːti/
Line 3
We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.
/wiː ɔːt ˈniːðər tuː duː ˈiːvəl nɔːr ˈsʌfər ˈiːvəl tuː biː dʌn wer ˈaʊər əˈθɔːrəti kæn prɪˈvent ɪt ɪn ˈɔːrdər ðæt ɡʊd meɪ ˈfɑːloʊ/
Line 4
But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.
Line 5
We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

applies verb US /əˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “apply” — put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading “This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.”

creates verb US /kriˈeɪts/

third-person singular of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading “But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.”

fulfillment noun US /fʊlˈfɪlmənt/

a feeling of satisfaction at having achieved your desires

From this reading “In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.”

lightens verb US /ˈlaɪtənz/

third-person singular of “lighten” — make more cheerful

From this reading “We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.”

regulating noun US /ˈreɡjəleɪtɪŋ/

the act of controlling or directing according to rule

From this reading “In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.”

relieves verb US /riˈliːvz/

third-person singular of “relieve” — provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading “We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.”

Sinclair noun US /sɪnˈkler/

United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968)

From this reading “We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.”

violate verb US /ˈvaɪəleɪt/

fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns

From this reading “This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.”

All words in this reading · 137

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

abruptlyadverbUS /əˈbrʌptli/

quickly and without warning

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

affectionsnounUS /əˈfekʃənz/

plural of “affection” — a positive feeling of liking

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

appliesverbUS /əˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “apply” — put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

balancedadjectiveUS /ˈbælənst/

being in a state of proper equilibrium

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

cardinalnounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəl/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

createsverbUS /kriˈeɪts/

third-person singular of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

deranging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

emotionsnounUS /ɪˈmoʊʃənz/

plural of “emotion” — any strong feeling

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

exactingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

having complicated nutritional requirements; especially growing only in special artificial cultures

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

fulfillmentnounUS /fʊlˈfɪlmənt/

a feeling of satisfaction at having achieved your desires

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

incapableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl/

(followed by “of”) lacking capacity or ability

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

inclinationnounUS /ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

insensibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsensəbəl/

incapable of physical sensation

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

involveverbUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlv/

connect closely and often incriminatingly

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

Jane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

judiciousadjectiveUS /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/

marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

lestconjunctionUS /lest/

in order that something should not happen

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

lightensverbUS /ˈlaɪtənz/

third-person singular of “lighten” — make more cheerful

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

maintainverbUS /meɪnˈteɪn/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

nicelyadverbUS /ˈnaɪsli/

in a nice way

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

obediencenounUS /oʊˈbiːdiəns/

the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

occurverbUS /əˈkɜːr/

come to pass

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

offencenoun

the action of attacking an enemy

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

oppressiveadjectiveUS /əˈpresɪv/

weighing heavily on the senses or spirit

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

OsbornenounUS /ˈɔːzbɔːrn/

English playwright (1929-1994)

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

positionsnounUS /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

prudentadjectiveUS /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

regulatingnounUS /ˈreɡjəleɪtɪŋ/

the act of controlling or directing according to rule

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

relievesverbUS /riˈliːvz/

third-person singular of “relieve” — provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

separatingverbUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “separate” — act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

SinclairnounUS /sɪnˈkler/

United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968)

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

softnessnounUS /ˈsɔːftnəs/

the property of giving little resistance to pressure and being easily cut or molded

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

strainingnounUS /ˈstreɪnɪŋ/

an intense or violent exertion

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

subordinateadjectiveUS /səˈbɔːrdəneɪt/

lower in rank or importance

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

sufferverbUS /ˈsʌfər/

undergo or be subjected to

From this reading We ought neither to do evil nor suffer evil to be done, where our authority can prevent it, in order that good may follow.

suppressverbUS /səˈpres/

bring under control by force or authority

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

violateverbUS /ˈvaɪəleɪt/

fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the history of the affections we know that circumstances sometimes occur, where duty and inclination maintain a conflict so nicely balanced so as to render it judicious not to exact a fulfillment of the former, lest by deranging the structure of our moral feelings, we render the mind either insensible to their existence, or incapable of regulating them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This observation applies only to those subordinate positions of life which involve no great principle of conduct, and violate no cardinal point of human duty.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But in matters where our own will creates the offence, it is in some peculiar cases not only prudent but necessary to avoid straining a mind naturally delicate, beyond the powers which we know it to possess.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading We think, for instance, that it was wrong in Mr. Sinclair, at a moment when the act of separating from Osborne might have touched, the feelings of his daughter into that softness which lightens and relieves the heart, abruptly to suppress emotions so natural, by exacting a proof of obedience too severe and oppressive to the heart of one who loved as Jane did.

Chapter 3 of Jane Sinclair by William Carleton holds 1341 sentences, grouped into 269 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Jane Sinclair contain?

Chapter 3 holds 1341 sentences of Jane Sinclair, unabridged, divided into 269 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Jane Sinclair by William Carleton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1341 sentences, grouped into 269 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Jane Sinclair?

Work through the 269 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 269 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Jane Sinclair

Common questions about reading Jane Sinclair by William Carleton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Jane Sinclair?

Yes. All 2273 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16005 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Jane Sinclair is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16005, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Jane Sinclair take to read?

About 189 minutes of reading across 455 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Jane Sinclair section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Jane Sinclair

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jane Sinclair, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Object
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jane Sinclair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stirs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jane Sinclair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Current
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jane Sinclair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jane Sinclair; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.