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Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel
Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.
A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.
From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movementsthe emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.
In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.
The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.
/ɪn ðɪs wɜːrld ʌv ˈaʊərz ðə ækˈtɪvətiz ʌv ˈænəməl laɪf siːm tuː biː ˈlɪmətəd tuː ə pleɪn ɔːr ˈsɜːrkəl æz ɪf ðæt wɜːr æn ɪnˈhɪrənt nəˈsesəti tuː ðə ˈkriːtʃərz ʌv ə ˈplænət wɪtʃ ɪz pərˈfɔːrs kəmˈpeld tuː swɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə sʌn/
Line 2
A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.
/ə fɪʃ fɔːr ˈɪnstəns meɪ nɑːt pæs aʊt ʌv ðə ˈsɜːrkəl ʌv ðə siːz wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɔːrtɪŋ əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən ə bɜːrd meɪ nɑːt ˈentər ðə doʊˈmeɪn ʌv ðə ˈfɪʃəz wɪˈθaʊt ˈpeɪɪŋ fɔːr ɪt ˈdɪrli/
Line 3
From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movementsthe emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.
Line 4
In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.
/ɪn ðə keɪs ʌv mæn ˌhaʊˈevər ðə ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən ʌv ðɪs ˈθɪri ʌv ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz hæz nɑːt æz jet bɪn soʊ ˈklɪrli əbˈzɜːrvd/
Line 5
The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.
/ðə lɔːz ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ ˈaʊər ˈsoʊʃəl laɪf ɑːr nɑːt soʊ ˈklɪrli ˌʌndərˈstʊd æz tuː pərˈmɪt ʌv ə klɪr ˌdʒenərəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annihilation noun US /əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən/

destruction by annihilating something

From this reading “A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.”

circumscribed adjective US /ˌsɜːrkəmˈskraɪbd/

subject to limits or subjected to limits

From this reading “From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.”

courting noun US /ˈkɔːrtɪŋ/

a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage)

From this reading “A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.”

generalization noun US /ˌdʒenərəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

reasoning from detailed facts to general principles

From this reading “The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.”

governing adjective US /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading “The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.”

inherent adjective US /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading “In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.”

limitations noun US /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “limitation” — a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading “In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.”

parasites noun US /ˈperəsaɪts/

plural of “parasite” — an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant); it obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host

From this reading “From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

activitiesnounUS /ækˈtɪvətiz/

plural of “activity” — any specific behavior

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

annihilationnounUS /əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən/

destruction by annihilating something

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

attendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

circumscribedadjectiveUS /ˌsɜːrkəmˈskraɪbd/

subject to limits or subjected to limits

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

courtingnounUS /ˈkɔːrtɪŋ/

a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage)

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

dearlyadverbUS /ˈdɪrli/

in a sincere and heartfelt manner

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

departverbUS /dɪˈpɑːrt/

move away from a place into another direction

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

domainnounUS /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

emphaticadjectiveUS /emˈfætɪk/

spoken with emphasis

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

environmentnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

fishesnounUS /ˈfɪʃəz/

plural of “fish” — any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

generalizationnounUS /ˌdʒenərəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

reasoning from detailed facts to general principles

From this reading The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.

governingadjectiveUS /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

inherentadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

junglenounUS /ˈdʒʌŋɡəl/

a location marked by an intense competition and struggle for survival

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

limitationsnounUS /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “limitation” — a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

ludicrousadjectiveUS /ˈluːdəkrəs/

broadly or extravagantly humorous; resembling farce

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

monstersnounUS /ˈmɑːnstərz/

plural of “monster” — an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

operationnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən/

the state of being in effect or being operative

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.

ourspronounUS /ˈaʊərz/

the one or ones belonging to us

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

parasitesnounUS /ˈperəsaɪts/

plural of “parasite” — an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant); it obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

payingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪɪŋ/

yielding a fair profit

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

perforceadverbUS /pərˈfɔːrs/

by necessity; by force of circumstance

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.

planenounUS /pleɪn/

an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

planetnounUS /ˈplænət/

(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.

spherenounUS /sfɪr/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

swingverbUS /swɪŋ/

move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading The laws governing our social life are not so clearly understood as to permit of a clear generalization.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading From the parasites of the flowers to the monsters of the jungle and the deep we see clearly the circumscribed nature of their movements—the emphatic manner in which life has limited them to a sphere; and we are content to note the ludicrous and invariably fatal results which attend any effort on their part to depart from their environment.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading A fish, for instance, may not pass out of the circle of the seas without courting annihilation; a bird may not enter the domain of the fishes without paying for it dearly.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading In this world of ours the activities of animal life seem to be limited to a plane or circle, as if that were an inherent necessity to the creatures of a planet which is perforce compelled to swing about the sun.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading In the case of man, however, the operation of this theory of limitations has not as yet been so clearly observed.

Chapter 22 of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel by Theodore Dreiser holds 38 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel contain?

Chapter 22 holds 38 sentences of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel by Theodore Dreiser exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 38 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel

Common questions about reading Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel by Theodore Dreiser on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel?

Yes. All 9467 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28988 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28988, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1894 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sister
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Carrie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.