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John Caldigate
John Caldigate

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of John Caldigate is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.
I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.
She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.
When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.
She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

John Caldigate

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of John Caldigate is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.
Line 2
I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.
/aɪ hæv dɪˈskraɪbd ˈbædli ðə ˈkerɪktər ʌv ðə ˈleɪdi ˈlɪvɪŋ ðer ɪf aɪ hæv ˌɪnˈduːst maɪ ˈriːdərz tuː θɪŋk ðæt hɜːr hɑːrt wɑːz ˈhɑːrdənd əˈɡenst hɜːr ˈdɔːtər/
Line 3
She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.
/ʃiː wɑːz ə ˈwʊmən ʌv strɔːŋ kənˈvɪkʃənz ənd ˈbɪtər ˈpredʒədɪsɪz bʌt hɜːr hɑːrt wɑːz sɑːft ɪˈnʌf/
Line 4
When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.
Line 5
She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

convictions noun US /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading “She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.”

exercises noun US /ˈeksərsaɪzəz/

plural of “exercise” — the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading “She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.”

Grange noun US /ɡreɪndʒ/

an outlying farm

From this reading “The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.”

pangs noun US /pæŋz/

plural of “pang” — a sudden sharp feeling

From this reading “She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.”

Puritan noun US /ˈpjʊrətən/

a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship

From this reading “The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.”

tedium noun US /ˈtiːdiəm/

the feeling of being bored by something tedious

From this reading “When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.”

texts noun US /teksts/

plural of “text” — the words of something written

From this reading “She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.”

yearnings noun US /ˈjɜːrnɪŋz/

plural of “yearning” — prolonged unfulfilled desire or need

From this reading “She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.”

All words in this reading · 125

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

afflictedadjectiveUS /əˈflɪktɪd/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

badlyadverbUS /ˈbædli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

Boltons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

brightenedverbUS /ˈbraɪtənd/

past form of “brighten” — make more cheerful through the use of color

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

burdennounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

convictionsnounUS /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

dogmas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

exercisesnounUS /ˈeksərsaɪzəz/

plural of “exercise” — the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

GrangenounUS /ɡreɪndʒ/

an outlying farm

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

hardenedadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdənd/

used of persons; emotionally hardened

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

Hester

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

lampnounUS /læmp/

an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

lighternounUS /ˈlaɪtər/

a substance used to ignite or kindle a fire

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

maternaladjectiveUS /məˈtɜːrnəl/

characteristic of a mother

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

monotonousadjectiveUS /məˈnɑːtənəs/

tediously repetitious or lacking in variety

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

MuchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

oppressedadjectiveUS /əˈprest/

burdened psychologically or mentally

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

pangsnounUS /pæŋz/

plural of “pang” — a sudden sharp feeling

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

parentnounUS /ˈperənt/

a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

prejudicesnounUS /ˈpredʒədɪsɪz/

plural of “prejudice” — a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

PuritannounUS /ˈpjʊrətən/

a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

reliefnounUS /rɪˈliːf/

the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

self-convicted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

softenedadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːfənd/

toned down

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

solitaryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

tediumnounUS /ˈtiːdiəm/

the feeling of being bored by something tedious

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

textsnounUS /teksts/

plural of “text” — the words of something written

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I have described badly the character of the lady living there, if I have induced my readers to think that her heart was hardened against her daughter.

trainingnounUS /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

activity leading to skilled behavior

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

TroubledadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌbəld/

characterized by or indicative of distress or affliction or danger or need

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

verdictnounUS /ˈvɜːrdɪkt/

(law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading The Boltons Are Much Troubled The condition of the inhabitants of Puritan Grange during the six weeks immediately after the verdict was very sad indeed.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

widelyadverbUS /ˈwaɪdli/

to a great degree

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When she married, circumstances had separated her widely from her own family, in which she had never known either a brother or a sister; and the burden of her marriage with an old man had been brightened to her by the possession of an only child,--of one daughter, who had been the lamp of her life, the solitary delight of her heart, the single relief to the otherwise solitary tedium of her monotonous existence.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading She was a woman of strong convictions and bitter prejudices; but her heart was soft enough.

yearningsnounUS /ˈjɜːrnɪŋz/

plural of “yearning” — prolonged unfulfilled desire or need

From this reading She had, indeed attended to the religious training of her girl with constant care;--but the yearnings of her maternal heart had softened even her religion, so that the laws, and dogmas, and texts, and exercises by which her husband was oppressed, and her servants afflicted, had been made lighter for Hester,--sometimes not without pangs of conscience on the part of the self-convicted parent.

Chapter 28 of John Caldigate by Anthony Trollope holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of John Caldigate contain?

Chapter 28 holds 152 sentences of John Caldigate, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of John Caldigate by Anthony Trollope exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of John Caldigate?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading John Caldigate

Common questions about reading John Caldigate by Anthony Trollope on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of John Caldigate?

Yes. All 11763 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11643 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of John Caldigate is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11643, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does John Caldigate take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2353 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read John Caldigate section by section

How to work through John Caldigate section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of John Caldigate to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in John Caldigate

Words and structures a reader meets early in John Caldigate, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Caldigate; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Caldigate; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Treachery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Caldigate; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Davis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Caldigate; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.