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John Halifax, Gentleman
John Halifax, Gentleman

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of John Halifax, Gentleman is here in full — 304 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/60 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."
The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.
For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.
Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.
These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

John Halifax, Gentleman

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of John Halifax, Gentleman is here in full — 304 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."
Line 2
The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.
Line 3
For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.
Line 4
Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.
Line 5
These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bury verb US /ˈberi/

cover from sight

From this reading “These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.”

Christianity noun US /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading “Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.”

demarcation noun US /ˌdiːmɑːrˈkeɪʃən/

the boundary of a specific area

From this reading “Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.”

Famine noun US /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading “The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.”

households noun US /ˈhaʊshoʊldz/

plural of “household” — a social unit living together

From this reading “It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."”

humbler adjective US /ˈhʌmbələr/

comparative of “humble” — low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading “Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.”

stalking noun US /ˈstɔːkɪŋ/

a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush

From this reading “The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.”

succumbed verb US /səˈkʌmd/

past form of “succumb” — consent reluctantly

From this reading “For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1800

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

boldlyadverbUS /ˈboʊldli/

with boldness, in a bold manner

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

BuryverbUS /ˈberi/

cover from sight

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

ChristianitynounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

conceptionnounUS /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

demarcationnounUS /ˌdiːmɑːrˈkeɪʃən/

the boundary of a specific area

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

FaminenounUS /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

gulfnounUS /ɡʌlf/

an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land; larger than a bay

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

hand-in-hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

householdsnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊldz/

plural of “household” — a social unit living together

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

humbleradjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbələr/

comparative of “humble” — low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

meanlyadverb

in a nasty ill-tempered manner

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

NeitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

Norton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

stalkingnounUS /ˈstɔːkɪŋ/

a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

succumbedverbUS /səˈkʌmd/

past form of “succumb” — consent reluctantly

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

TumultnounUS /ˈtuːməlt/

a state of commotion and noise and confusion

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

wiseradjectiveUS /ˈwaɪzər/

comparative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

Chapter 7 of John Halifax, Gentleman by Dinah Maria Mulock Craik holds 304 sentences, grouped into 61 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of John Halifax, Gentleman contain?

Chapter 7 holds 304 sentences of John Halifax, Gentleman, unabridged, divided into 61 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of John Halifax, Gentleman by Dinah Maria Mulock Craik exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 304 sentences, grouped into 61 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of John Halifax, Gentleman?

Work through the 61 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 61 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading John Halifax, Gentleman

Common questions about reading John Halifax, Gentleman by Dinah Maria Mulock Craik on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 11447 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2351 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #2351, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 2290 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in John Halifax, Gentleman

Words and structures a reader meets early in John Halifax, Gentleman, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fletcher's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Halifax, Gentleman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lounging
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Halifax, Gentleman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Halifax, Gentleman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vagabond
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Halifax, Gentleman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.