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John Halifax, Gentleman
John Halifax, Gentleman

Chapter VII

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Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."
The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.
For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.
Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.
These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

John Halifax, Gentleman

Chapter VII

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."
Line 2
The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.
Line 3
For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.
Line 4
Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.
Line 5
These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Between preposition US /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading “For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.”

Even noun US /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.”

Gentlemen noun US /gentlemen/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."”

Neither determiner US /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading “Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.”

Poor noun US /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.”

Terrible noun US /ˈterrible/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1800

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

abroad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

boldly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

Bury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

Christianity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

classes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

conception

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

cross

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

dear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

demarcation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

enough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

evennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

everywhere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

faces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

Famine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

fixed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

generation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

gentlemennounUS /gentlemen/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

gulf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

hand-in-hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

hated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

higher

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

households

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

humbler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

known

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

line

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

lower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

meanly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

NeitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

Norton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

poornounUS /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

present

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

prove

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

quiet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

reached

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

stalking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

stay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

succumbed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

terriblenounUS /ˈterrible/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

town

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

troubles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

Tumult

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

upper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

War

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The present generation can have no conception of what a terrible time that was--War, Famine, and Tumult stalking hand-in-hand, and no one to stay them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These troubles, which were everywhere abroad, reached us even in our quiet town of Norton Bury.

wiser

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither had Christianity enough boldly to cross the line of demarcation, and prove, the humbler, that they were men,--the higher and wiser, that they were gentlemen.

year

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the year 1800, long known in English households as "the dear year."

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading For between the upper and lower classes there was a great gulf fixed; the rich ground the faces of the poor, the poor hated, yet meanly succumbed to, the rich.