Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]
John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] is here in full — 321 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]
Context Illustration Reading 1/64 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
EARLY WORK.
It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.
The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.
No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.
The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] is here in full — 321 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EARLY WORK.
/ˈɜːrli wɜːrk/
Line 2
It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.
Line 3
The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.
Line 4
No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.
Line 5
The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.
/ðə ɑːrt ʌv ˈdrɔːɪŋ əˈpɑːn wʊd tuː wɪtʃ liːtʃ ɪn hɪz ˈleɪtər jɪrz ˈɔːlmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli kənˈfaɪnd hɪmˈself deɪts bæk frʌm ˈveri ˈɜːrli taɪmz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Beckett noun US /ˈbekɪt/

a playwright and novelist (born in Ireland) who lived in France; wrote plays for the theater of the absurd (1906-1989)

From this reading “It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.”

eighteenth adjective US /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading “The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.”

Leech noun US /liːtʃ/

carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end

From this reading “It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.”

Leigh noun US /liː/

English film actress (1913-1967)

From this reading “It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.”

models noun US /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.”

Pips noun US /pɪps/

plural of “pip” — a disease of poultry

From this reading “It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.”

ripened adjective US /ˈraɪpənd/

of wines, fruit, cheeses; having reached a desired or final condition; (“aged” pronounced as one syllable)

From this reading “It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.”

surgery noun US /ˈsɜːrdʒəri/

the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures

From this reading “The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth year adjective + noun

In this reading “The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.”

younger man adjective + noun

In this reading “No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.”

in disguise preposition + noun

In this reading “No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

AlbertnounUS /ˈælbərt/

prince consort of Queen Victoria of England (1819-1861)

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

Bartholomew's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

BeckettnounUS /ˈbekɪt/

a playwright and novelist (born in Ireland) who lived in France; wrote plays for the theater of the absurd (1906-1989)

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

blessingsnounUS /ˈblesɪŋz/

plural of “blessing” — the formal act of approving

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

chancesnounUS /ˈtʃænsəz/

plural of “chance” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

ComicadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmɪk/

arousing or provoking laughter

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

comradenounUS /ˈkɑːmræd/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

datesnounUS /deɪts/

plural of “date” — the specified day of the month

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

devoteverbUS /dɪˈvoʊt/

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

DiarynounUS /ˈdaɪəri/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

disguisenounUS /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

A means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity.

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

EARLYadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading EARLY WORK.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

GilbertnounUS /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

GrammarnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

impecuniousadjective

not having enough money to pay for necessities

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

LeechnounUS /liːtʃ/

carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

Leech's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

LeighnounUS /liː/

English film actress (1913-1967)

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

medicinenounUS /ˈmedəsən/

the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

misfortunesnounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

modelsnounUS /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

oweverbUS /oʊ/

be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

pencilnounUS /ˈpensəl/

a thin cylindrical pointed writing implement; a rod of marking substance encased in wood

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

Percival

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

PipsnounUS /pɪps/

plural of “pip” — a disease of poultry

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

PunchverbUS /pʌntʃ/

deliver a quick blow to

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

ripenedadjectiveUS /ˈraɪpənd/

of wines, fruit, cheeses; having reached a desired or final condition; (“aged” pronounced as one syllable)

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

senioradjectiveUS /ˈsiːnjər/

older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

StaffnounUS /stæf/

personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

surgerynounUS /ˈsɜːrdʒəri/

the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

unerringadjective

not liable to error

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was at St. Bartholomew's that Leech made acquaintance, which soon ripened into friendship, with Albert Smith, Percival Leigh (a future comrade on the _Punch_ Staff, and author of the "Comic Latin Grammar," "Pips' Diary," etc.), Gilbert a Beckett and many others, all or most of whom served as models for that unerring pencil.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

WORKverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading EARLY WORK.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The impecunious condition of Leech senior before John had reached his eighteenth year was such as to make his chances of getting a living by medicine or surgery, even if successful, so remote as to place them beyond consideration.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The art of drawing upon wood, to which Leech in his later years almost entirely confined himself, dates back from very early times.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading No doubt the elder Leech's misfortunes were "blessings in disguise," for we owe to them the necessity that compelled the younger man to devote himself to art.

Chapter 3 of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] by William Powell Frith holds 321 sentences, grouped into 65 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] contain?

Chapter 3 holds 321 sentences of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2], unabridged, divided into 65 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] by William Powell Frith exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 321 sentences, grouped into 65 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]?

Work through the 65 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 65 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]

Common questions about reading John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] by William Powell Frith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]?

Yes. All 2054 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36663 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36663, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] take to read?

About 171 minutes of reading across 411 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] section by section

How to work through John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2] to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]

Words and structures a reader meets early in John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2], each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Powell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frith
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Leech, His Life and Work. Vol. 1 [of 2]; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.