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John Lyly
John Lyly

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of John Lyly is here in full — 585 sentences across 117 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/117 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LYLY THE DRAMATIST.
So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.
His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.
To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.
After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

John Lyly

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of John Lyly is here in full — 585 sentences across 117 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/117 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LYLY THE DRAMATIST.
Line 2
So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.
Line 3
His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.
/hɪz pleɪz ɑːn ðə ˈʌðər hænd ɪn ðə prəˈdʌkʃən ʌv wɪtʃ hiː spent ðə ˈbetər pɑːrt ʌv hɪz laɪf ˈɡreɪtli ˈaʊtweɪ hɪz ˈnɑːvəl boʊθ ɪn esˈθetɪk ənd hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/
Line 4
To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.
Line 5
After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comedies noun US /ˈkɑːmədiz/

plural of “comedy” — light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading “To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.”

dramatist noun US /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading “LYLY THE DRAMATIST.”

Elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.”

indirect adjective US /ˌɪndərˈekt/

having intervening factors or persons or influences

From this reading “So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.”

investigating noun US /ˌɪnˈvestəɡeɪtɪŋ/

the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically

From this reading “To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.”

morass noun US /mərˈæs/

a soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot

From this reading “To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.”

outweigh verb US /ˈaʊtweɪ/

be heavier than

From this reading “His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.”

undergrowth noun US /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading “After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

aestheticadjectiveUS /esˈθetɪk/

relating to or dealing with the subject of aesthetics

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

chaseverbUS /tʃeɪs/

go after with the intent to catch

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

comediesnounUS /ˈkɑːmədiz/

plural of “comedy” — light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

dealingnounUS /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

dramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

DRAMATISTnounUS /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading LYLY THE DRAMATIST.

ElizabethannounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

estimatenounUS /ˈestəmət/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

exertedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd/

past form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

gropingadjectiveUS /ˈɡroʊpɪŋ/

acting with uncertainty or hesitance or lack of confidence

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

highwaynounUS /ˈhaɪweɪ/

a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

indirectadjectiveUS /ˌɪndərˈekt/

having intervening factors or persons or influences

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

investigatingnounUS /ˌɪnˈvestəɡeɪtɪŋ/

the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

LYLYnoun

English writer noted for his elaborate style (1554-1606)

From this reading LYLY THE DRAMATIST.

Lyly's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

minoradjectiveUS /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

morassnounUS /mərˈæs/

a soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

novelistnounUS /ˈnɑːvələst/

one who writes novels

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

outweighverbUS /ˈaʊtweɪ/

be heavier than

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

playsnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

productionnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃən/

the act or process of producing something

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

sectionnounUS /ˈsekʃən/

a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

simpleradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpələr/

comparative of “simple” — having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading His plays on the other hand, in the production of which he spent the better part of his life, greatly outweigh his novel both in aesthetic and historical importance.

straightforwardadjectiveUS /ˈstreɪtˈfɔːrwərd/

free from ambiguity

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LYLY THE DRAMATIST.

the-wisp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

uncertaintynounUS /ənˈsɜːrtənti/

being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

undergrowthnounUS /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading After groping our way through the undergrowth of minor literature, we come out upon the great highway of Elizabethan art--the drama.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

will-o

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

writernounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading To attempt to estimate Lyly's position as a novelist and as a prose writer is to chase the will-o'-the-wisp of theory over the morass of uncertainty; the task of investigating his comedies is altogether simpler and more straightforward.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

writingsnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading So far we have been dealing with those of Lyly's writings, which, though they are his most famous, form quite a small section of his work, and exerted an influence upon later writers which may have been considerable but was certainly indirect.

Chapter 4 of John Lyly by John Dover Wilson holds 585 sentences, grouped into 117 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of John Lyly contain?

Chapter 4 holds 585 sentences of John Lyly, unabridged, divided into 117 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of John Lyly by John Dover Wilson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 585 sentences, grouped into 117 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of John Lyly?

Work through the 117 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 117 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading John Lyly

Common questions about reading John Lyly by John Dover Wilson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of John Lyly?

Yes. All 1862 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22525 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of John Lyly is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22525, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does John Lyly take to read?

About 155 minutes of reading across 373 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read John Lyly section by section

How to work through John Lyly section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of John Lyly to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in John Lyly

Words and structures a reader meets early in John Lyly, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lyly's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Lyly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Character--summary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Lyly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Lyly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Since
A word that appears in the opening chapter of John Lyly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.