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John Rutherford, the White Chief
John Rutherford, the White Chief

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of John Rutherford, the White Chief is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for John Rutherford, the White Chief
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.
The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.
It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.
"For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.
We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

John Rutherford, the White Chief

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of John Rutherford, the White Chief is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.
/ðə dɪˈteɪlz wiː hæv ðʌs ˈɡɪvən wɪl eˈneɪbəl ðə ˈriːdər tuː fɔːrm ə kənˈsepʃən ʌv ðə steɪt ʌv səˈsaɪəti ɪn ðə ˈkʌntri ɪn wɪtʃ ˈrʌθərfərd naʊ faʊnd hɪmˈself ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/
Line 2
The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.
Line 3
It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.
/ɪt ɪz ˈevədənt ˌhaʊˈevər frʌm ðə ˈnærətɪv ðæt ɪt wɑːz tuː fɑːr ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər tuː pərˈmɪt ðə siː tuː biː siːn frʌm ɪt/
Line 4
"For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.
Line 5
We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ascertained adjective US /ˌæsərˈteɪnd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading “The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.”

conception noun US /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading “The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.”

entrust verb US /enˈtrʌst/

confer a trust upon

From this reading “"For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.”

eventually adverb US /ɪˈventʃəwəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading “The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.”

imprisoned adjective US /ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/

being in captivity

From this reading “The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.”

plentiful adjective US /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading “We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.”

Rutherford noun US /ˈrʌθərfərd/

a unit strength of a radioactive source equal to one million disintegrations per second

From this reading “The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.”

Zealand noun US /ˈziːlənd/

the largest island of Denmark and the site of Copenhagen

From this reading “The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

Aimy's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

ascertainedadjectiveUS /ˌæsərˈteɪnd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

conceptionnounUS /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

detailsnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

double-barrelledadjective

having two barrels mounted side by side

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

duck-shot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

enableverbUS /eˈneɪbəl/

render capable or able for some task

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

entrustverbUS /enˈtrʌst/

confer a trust upon

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

eventuallyadverbUS /ɪˈventʃəwəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

fishingnounUS /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/

the act of someone who fishes as a diversion

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

fortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

fowling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

fowling-piece

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

imprisonedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/

being in captivity

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

plentifuladjectiveUS /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

powdernounUS /ˈpaʊdər/

a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

RutherfordnounUS /ˈrʌθərfərd/

a unit strength of a radioactive source equal to one million disintegrations per second

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

shootingnounUS /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading It is evident, however, from the narrative, that it was too far in the interior to permit the sea to be seen from it.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

wheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The details we have thus given will enable the reader to form a conception of the state of society in the country in which Rutherford now found himself imprisoned.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

wood-pigeons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We were generally fortunate enough to bring home a good many wood-pigeons, which are very plentiful in New Zealand.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading "For the first year after our arrival in Aimy's village," says Rutherford, "we spent our time chiefly in fishing and shooting; for the chief had a capital double-barrelled fowling piece, as well as plenty of powder and duck-shot, which he had brought from our vessel; and he used to entrust me with the fowling-piece whenever I had a mind to go a shooting, though he seldom accompanied me himself.

ZealandnounUS /ˈziːlənd/

the largest island of Denmark and the site of Copenhagen

From this reading The spot in the northern island of New Zealand, in which the village lay where his residence was eventually fixed, cannot be exactly ascertained, from the account which he gives of his journey to it from the coast.

Chapter 8 of John Rutherford, the White Chief by George L. (George Lillie) Craik holds 167 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of John Rutherford, the White Chief contain?

Chapter 8 holds 167 sentences of John Rutherford, the White Chief, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of John Rutherford, the White Chief by George L. (George Lillie) Craik exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 167 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of John Rutherford, the White Chief?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 3
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