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Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1
Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1 is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
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_Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.
As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.
Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.
However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.
Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1 is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.
Line 2
As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.
Line 3
Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.
/ˈweðər hiː hæd ˈeni ˈænsestərz bɪˈfɔːr ðɪs wiː mʌst liːv tuː ðə əˈpɪnjən ʌv ˈaʊər ˈkjʊriəs ˈriːdər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈnʌθɪŋ ʌv səˈfɪʃənt ˈsɜːrtənti tuː rɪˈlaɪ ɑːn/
Line 4
However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.
Line 5
Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.
/biː ˈmeri waɪl ðaʊ kænst fɔːr ˈʃʊrli ðaʊ ʃælt ˈʃɔːrtli biː æz sæd æz hiː ɪz naʊ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Andrews noun US /ˈændruːz/

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

From this reading “_Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.”

endowments noun US /enˈdaʊmənts/

plural of “endowment” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading “_Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.”

ensuing adjective US /ˈensuːɪŋ/

following immediately and as a result of what went before

From this reading “_Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.”

epitaph noun US /ˈepətæf/

an inscription on a tombstone or monument in memory of the person buried there

From this reading “However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.”

gild verb US /ɡɪld/

decorate with, or as if with, gold leaf or liquid gold

From this reading “However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.”

inserting verb US /ˌɪnˈsɜːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “insert” — put or introduce into something

From this reading “However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.”

omit verb US /oʊˈmɪt/

prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.”

parentage noun US /ˈperəntədʒ/

the state of being a parent

From this reading “_Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.”

All words in this reading · 129

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

ancestorsnounUS /ˈænsestərz/

plural of “ancestor” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

AndrewnounUS /ˈændruː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

AndrewsnounUS /ˈændruːz/

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

canstmodal verbUS /kænst/

an old form of “can”, used with “thou”

From this reading Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.

certaintynounUS /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

communicatedverbUS /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪd/

past form of “communicate” — transmit information

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

cudgel-player

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

day'snounUS /deɪz/

possessive form of “day” — time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

diligencenounUS /ˈdɪlədʒəns/

conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task; giving the degree of care required in a given situation

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

elderlyadjectiveUS /ˈeldərli/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

endowmentsnounUS /enˈdaʊmənts/

plural of “endowment” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

ensuingadjectiveUS /ˈensuːɪŋ/

following immediately and as a result of what went before

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

epitaphnounUS /ˈepətæf/

an inscription on a tombstone or monument in memory of the person buried there

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

esteemedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstiːmd/

having an illustrious reputation; respected

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

Gaffar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

Gammer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

gildverbUS /ɡɪld/

decorate with, or as if with, gold leaf or liquid gold

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

great-grandfather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

illustriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlʌstriəs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

ingeniousadjectiveUS /ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Clever, original, and remarkably inventive in design and execution.

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

insertingverbUS /ˌɪnˈsɜːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “insert” — put or introduce into something

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

JosephnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

LiesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

omitverbUS /oʊˈmɪt/

prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

ourspronounUS /ˈaʊərz/

the one or ones belonging to us

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

Pamela

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

parentagenounUS /ˈperəntədʒ/

the state of being a parent

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

pewnounUS /pjuː/

long bench with backs; used in church by the congregation

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

relyverbUS /rɪˈlaɪ/

have faith or confidence in

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

remembersverbUS /rɪˈmembərz/

third-person singular of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

searchedverbUS /sɜːrtʃt/

past form of “search” — try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

Shaltmodal verbUS /ʃælt/

an old form of “shall”, used with “thou”

From this reading Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.

shortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.

skiesnounUS /skaɪz/

plural of “sky” — the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

StayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

tombnounUS /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

tracenounUS /treɪs/

a just detectable amount

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

travellernounUS /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

underneathprepositionUS /ˌʌndərˈniːθ/

directly under, often hidden by what is above

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

WhetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Whether he had any ancestors before this, we must leave to the opinion of our curious reader, finding nothing of sufficient certainty to rely on.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading However, we cannot omit inserting an epitaph which an ingenious friend of ours hath communicated:-- Stay, traveller, for underneath this pew Lies fast asleep that merry man Andrew: When the last day's great sun shall gild the skies, Then he shall from his tomb get up and rise.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Be merry while thou canst: for surely thou Shalt shortly be as sad as he is now.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading As to his ancestors, we have searched with great diligence, but little success; being unable to trace them farther than his great-grandfather, who, as an elderly person in the parish remembers to have heard his father say, was an excellent cudgel-player.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading _Of Mr Joseph Andrews, his birth, parentage, education, and great endowments; with a word or two concerning ancestors._ Mr Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be the only son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews, and brother to the illustrious Pamela, whose virtue is at present so famous.

Chapter 3 of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1 by Henry Fielding holds 22 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 22 sentences of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1 by Henry Fielding exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 22 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #9611, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 139 minutes of reading across 334 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Dissertation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Concerning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Slipslop's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Joseph Andrews, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.