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Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879
Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 is here in full — 343 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879
Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.
| | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.
The original horoscope pages can be seen| | in the HTML version of the _Allminax_.
| | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.
I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 is here in full — 343 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.
Line 2
| | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.
/moʊst ˈsɪmbəlz hæv bɪn ˌriːˈpleɪst wɪð ˈʌðər kəmˈpætəbəl ˈsɪmbəlz hæv bɪn ˈtʃoʊzən æt ˈrændəm tuː ɡɪv sʌm aɪˈdiːə ʌv wʌt ðə ˈpeɪdʒəz lʊk laɪk/
Line 3
The original horoscope pages can be seen| | in the HTML version of the _Allminax_.
Line 4
| | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.
/ðə ˈweɪwərd ˈspelɪŋ ənd ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən ɑːr ˈspeʃəl ˈfiːtʃərz ʌv ðɪs tekst/
Line 5
I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

compatible adjective US /kəmˈpætəbəl/

able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination

From this reading “| | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.”

decorate verb US /ˈdekəreɪt/

make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading “+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.”

fonts noun US /fɑːnts/

plural of “font” — a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading “+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.”

horoscope noun US /ˈhɔːrəskoʊp/

a prediction of someone's future based on the relative positions of the planets

From this reading “+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.”

html noun US /ˌeɪtʃtiːeˈmel/

a set of tags and rules (conforming to SGML) for using them in developing hypertext documents

From this reading “The original horoscope pages can be seen| | in the HTML version of the _Allminax_.”

intentional adjective US /ˌɪnˈtenʃənəl/

characterized by conscious design or purpose

From this reading “I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.”

punctuation noun US /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading “| | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.”

wayward adjective US /ˈweɪwərd/

resistant to guidance or discipline

From this reading “| | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

special features adjective + noun counted as “special feature”

In this reading “| | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.”

some idea adjective + noun

In this reading “| | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

Allminax

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading | | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

availableadjectiveUS /əˈveɪləbəl/

obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The original horoscope pages can be seen| | in the HTML version of the _Allminax_.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The original horoscope pages can be seen| | in the HTML version of the _Allminax_.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

compatibleadjectiveUS /kəmˈpætəbəl/

able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

correctverbUS /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

decorateverbUS /ˈdekəreɪt/

make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

decoratedadjectiveUS /ˈdekəreɪtɪd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading | | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.

fontsnounUS /fɑːnts/

plural of “font” — a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

horoscopenounUS /ˈhɔːrəskoʊp/

a prediction of someone's future based on the relative positions of the planets

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

HTMLnounUS /ˌeɪtʃtiːeˈmel/

a set of tags and rules (conforming to SGML) for using them in developing hypertext documents

From this reading The original horoscope pages can be seen| | in the HTML version of the _Allminax_.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

intentionaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtenʃənəl/

characterized by conscious design or purpose

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

miscellaneousadjectiveUS /ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

missingadjectiveUS /ˈmɪsɪŋ/

not able to be found

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

monospaced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

NOTEnounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading The original horoscope pages can be seen| | in the HTML version of the _Allminax_.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

punctuationnounUS /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading | | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.

randomadjectiveUS /ˈrændəm/

lacking any definite plan or order or purpose; governed by or depending on chance

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

replacedverbUS /ˌriːˈpleɪst/

past form of “replace” — substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The original horoscope pages can be seen| | in the HTML version of the _Allminax_.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading | | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.

spellingnounUS /ˈspelɪŋ/

forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading | | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.

symbolsnounUS /ˈsɪmbəlz/

plural of “symbol” — an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

tablesnounUS /ˈteɪbəlz/

plural of “table” — a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

TRANSCRIBER'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

typos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have therefore made no attempt to correct | | apparent typos or missing punctuation marks, as at least SOME| | of the errors are intentional.

utf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

waywardadjectiveUS /ˈweɪwərd/

resistant to guidance or discipline

From this reading | | | | The wayward spelling and punctuation are special features of | | this text.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading | | Most symbols have been replaced with "@"; other compatible | | symbols have been chosen at random to give some idea of what | | the pages look like.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE | | | | The horoscope tables of the _Allminax_ are decorated with | | miscellaneous symbols, not all of which are available in | | monospaced utf-8 fonts to decorate this version of the text.

Chapter 1 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 by Josh Billings holds 343 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 343 sentences of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 by Josh Billings exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 343 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879?

Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879

Common questions about reading Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 by Josh Billings on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879?

Yes. All 2899 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40191 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40191, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 take to read?

About 241 minutes of reading across 580 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 section by section

How to work through Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879

Words and structures a reader meets early in Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Transcriber's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Horoscope
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tables
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Allminax
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.