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Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879
Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 is here in full — 362 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.
Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.
Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.
Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.
Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 is here in full — 362 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.
Line 2
Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.
Line 3
Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.
Line 4
Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.
Line 5
Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cider noun US /ˈsaɪdər/

a beverage made from juice pressed from apples

From this reading “Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.”

cussing verb US /ˈkʌsɪŋ/

-ing form of “cuss” — utter obscenities or profanities

From this reading “Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.”

dumplings noun US /ˈdʌmplɪŋz/

small balls or strips of boiled or steamed dough

From this reading “Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.”

fertilizer noun US /ˈfɜːrtəlaɪzər/

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile

From this reading “Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.”

fireside noun US /ˈfaɪərsaɪd/

an area near a fireplace (usually paved and extending out into a room)

From this reading “Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.”

mans noun US /mænz/

plural of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading “I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.”

owes verb US /oʊz/

third-person singular of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading “Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.”

sass noun US /sæs/

an impudent or insolent rejoinder

From this reading “Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Talk of verb + particle

discuss or mention

In this reading “Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

ackount

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

aint

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

applenounUS /ˈæpəl/

fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

ApplesnounUS /ˈæpəlz/

plural of “apple” — fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

artyfishall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

aznoun

the azimuth of a celestial body is the angle between the vertical plane containing it and the plane of the meridian

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

betverbUS /bet/

maintain with or as if with a bet

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

binounUS /baɪ/

a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

cidernounUS /ˈsaɪdər/

a beverage made from juice pressed from apples

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

clusser

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

cussingverbUS /ˈkʌsɪŋ/

-ing form of “cuss” — utter obscenities or profanities

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

deliververbUS /dɪˈlɪvər/

deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

dollarsnounUS /ˈdɑːlərz/

plural of “dollar” — the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

drinksnounUS /drɪŋks/

plural of “drink” — a single serving of a beverage

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

dumplingsnounUS /ˈdʌmplɪŋz/

small balls or strips of boiled or steamed dough

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

eatsnounUS /iːts/

informal terms for a meal

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

Egnogg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.

fertilizernounUS /ˈfɜːrtəlaɪzər/

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

firesidenounUS /ˈfaɪərsaɪd/

an area near a fireplace (usually paved and extending out into a room)

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.

iz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

kan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

karakter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

lektur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

mansnounUS /mænz/

plural of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

minounUS /miː/

destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

milknounUS /mɪlk/

a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.

natur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

ovnoun

a terrorist group of Protestants who oppose any political settlement with Irish nationalists; a paramilitary group that attacks Catholic interests in Northern Ireland

From this reading Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.

owesverbUS /oʊz/

third-person singular of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.

produceverbUS /prəˈduːs/

bring forth or yield

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

sassnounUS /sæs/

an impudent or insolent rejoinder

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

squeezedverbUS /skwiːzd/

past form of “squeeze” — to compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

swareing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

TalkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

tempranse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

tru

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading Egnogg owes most ov its glory unto cider.

vittles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Talk of all kinds iz artyfishall, but vittles, and drinks, iz natur.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading I kan tell a mans tru karakter, bi what he eats, or drinks, clusser than i kan to hear him deliver a tempranse lektur.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

WheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Apples also, when they are well squeezed, produce cider, which iz next to milk, az a fertilizer.

yu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whenever yu see a man cussing, and swareing at apple sass, and good light dumplings, yu can bet 10 dollars, on mi ackount, that he aint a good fireside man.

Chapter 8 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 by Josh Billings holds 362 sentences, grouped into 73 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 contain?

Chapter 8 holds 362 sentences of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879, unabridged, divided into 73 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 by Josh Billings exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 362 sentences, grouped into 73 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879?

Work through the 73 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 73 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879

Common questions about reading Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 by Josh Billings on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879?

Yes. All 2899 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40191 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40191, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 take to read?

About 241 minutes of reading across 580 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 section by section

How to work through Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879

Words and structures a reader meets early in Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Transcriber's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Horoscope
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tables
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Allminax
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax, 1870-1879; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.