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Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings
Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings is here in full — 501 sentences across 101 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings
Context Illustration Reading 1/100 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Hiz Sayings.
WITH COMIC ILLUSTRATIONS.
LONDON: S. LOW, SON & CO.
M DCCC LXX.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings is here in full — 501 sentences across 101 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/100 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Hiz Sayings.
Line 2
WITH COMIC ILLUSTRATIONS.
/wɪð ˈkɑːmɪk ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/
Line 3
LONDON: S. LOW, SON & CO.
/ˈlʌndən es loʊ sʌn koʊ/
Line 4
M DCCC LXX.
Line 5
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Clerk's noun US /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.”

comic adjective US /ˈkɑːmɪk/

arousing or provoking laughter

From this reading “WITH COMIC ILLUSTRATIONS.”

Congress noun US /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.”

District noun US /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.”

illustrations noun US /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “illustration” — artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading “WITH COMIC ILLUSTRATIONS.”

Sayings noun US /ˈseɪɪŋz/

plural of “saying” — a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading “Hiz Sayings.”

vices noun US /ˈvaɪsəz/

plural of “vice” — moral weakness

From this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.”

virtues noun US /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Act of verb + particle

In this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1865

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

CARLETON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

Clerk'snounUS /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

COnounUS /koʊ/

an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon

From this reading LONDON: S. LOW, SON & CO.

COMICadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmɪk/

arousing or provoking laughter

From this reading WITH COMIC ILLUSTRATIONS.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

DCCC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M DCCC LXX.

dedikated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

DistrictnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

EnteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

hav

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

Hiz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hiz Sayings.

ILLUSTRATIONSnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “illustration” — artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading WITH COMIC ILLUSTRATIONS.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

iz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON: S. LOW, SON & CO.

LOWadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading LONDON: S. LOW, SON & CO.

LXXnoun

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and seven

From this reading M DCCC LXX.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading M DCCC LXX.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

menny

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

OfficenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

ovnoun

a terrorist group of Protestants who oppose any political settlement with Irish nationalists; a paramilitary group that attacks Catholic interests in Northern Ireland

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading LONDON: S. LOW, SON & CO.

SayingsnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋz/

plural of “saying” — a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading Hiz Sayings.

SONnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading LONDON: S. LOW, SON & CO.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

tew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

vicesnounUS /ˈvaɪsəz/

plural of “vice” — moral weakness

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

virtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading WITH COMIC ILLUSTRATIONS.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by G. W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York (A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book iz completely dedikated--and may he hav the strength tew stand it.

Chapter 1 of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings by Josh Billings holds 501 sentences, grouped into 101 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings contain?

Chapter 1 holds 501 sentences of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings, unabridged, divided into 101 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings by Josh Billings exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 501 sentences, grouped into 101 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings?

Work through the 101 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 101 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings

Words and structures a reader meets early in Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Josh Billings, Hiz Sayings, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.