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Joshua — Volume 1
Joshua — Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Joshua — Volume 1 is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.
The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.
The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.
But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.
The dust-covered, worn-out fellow was transformed into a handsome youth.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Joshua — Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Joshua — Volume 1 is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.
Line 2
The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.
/ðə men hæd ʃeɪvd ðer her ənd ðə ˈwɪmən hæd pʊt dʌst ɑːn ðer ˈfɔːrhedz/
Line 3
The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.
Line 4
But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.
/bʌt ðə ˈsensləs juːθ suːn dɪˈmændəd ɔːl ðə ker ðə ˈwɪmən kʊd bɪˈstoʊ ənd ˈæftər ˈbeɪðɪŋ hɪm ənd ˈbaɪndɪŋ ə ˈhiːlɪŋ ˈɔɪntmənt ɑːn ðə ˈdeɪndʒərəs waʊnd ɪn hɪz hed strɔːŋ waɪn ənd fuːd wɜːr pleɪst bɪˈfɔːr hɪm ˈæftər wɪtʃ riˈfreʃt ənd ˈstreŋθənd hiː oʊˈbeɪd ðə ˈsʌmənz ʌv ðə ˈdɔːtər ʌv hɪz hoʊst/
Line 5
The dust-covered, worn-out fellow was transformed into a handsome youth.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

archer's noun US /ˈɑːrtʃərz/

possessive form of “archer” — a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow

From this reading “The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.”

astrologer noun US /əˈstrɑːlədʒər/

someone who predicts the future by the positions of the planets and sun and Moon

From this reading “The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.”

bathing noun US /ˈbeɪðɪŋ/

immersing the body in water or sunshine

From this reading “But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.”

binding noun US /ˈbaɪndɪŋ/

the capacity to attract and hold something

From this reading “But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.”

foreheads noun US /ˈfɔːrhedz/

plural of “forehead” — the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading “The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.”

ointment noun US /ˈɔɪntmənt/

semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation

From this reading “But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.”

shaved adjective US /ʃeɪvd/

having the beard or hair cut off close to the skin

From this reading “The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.”

veils noun US /veɪlz/

plural of “veil” — a garment that covers the head and face

From this reading “The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

archer'snounUS /ˈɑːrtʃərz/

possessive form of “archer” — a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

astrologernounUS /əˈstrɑːlədʒər/

someone who predicts the future by the positions of the planets and sun and Moon

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

bathingnounUS /ˈbeɪðɪŋ/

immersing the body in water or sunshine

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

bestowverbUS /bɪˈstoʊ/

present

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

bindingnounUS /ˈbaɪndɪŋ/

the capacity to attract and hold something

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

brother-in-lawnounUS /ˈbrʌðərɪnlɔː/

a brother by marriage

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

deepestadjectiveUS /ˈdiːpəst/

superlative of “deep” — relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

dust-coveredadjective

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading The dust-covered, worn-out fellow was transformed into a handsome youth.

dwellingnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋ/

housing that someone is living in

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading The dust-covered, worn-out fellow was transformed into a handsome youth.

first-born

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

foreheadsnounUS /ˈfɔːrhedz/

plural of “forehead” — the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

grandsonnounUS /ˈɡrændsʌn/

a male grandchild

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading The dust-covered, worn-out fellow was transformed into a handsome youth.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

healingnounUS /ˈhiːlɪŋ/

the natural process by which the body repairs itself

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

homesnounUS /hoʊmz/

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

Hornecht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The dust-covered, worn-out fellow was transformed into a handsome youth.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

lamentationsnoun

an Old Testament book lamenting the desolation of Judah after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC; traditionally attributed to the prophet Jeremiah

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

loudadjectiveUS /laʊd/

characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

mourningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

obeyedverbUS /oʊˈbeɪd/

past form of “obey” — be obedient to

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

ointmentnounUS /ˈɔɪntmənt/

semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

plagueverbUS /pleɪɡ/

cause to suffer a blight

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

refreshedadjectiveUS /riˈfreʃt/

with restored energy

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

senselessadjectiveUS /ˈsensləs/

not marked by the use of reason

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

shavedadjectiveUS /ʃeɪvd/

having the beard or hair cut off close to the skin

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

snatchedverbUS /snætʃt/

past form of “snatch” — to grasp hastily or eagerly

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

strengthenedadjectiveUS /ˈstreŋθənd/

given added strength or support

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

summonsnounUS /ˈsʌmənz/

a request to be present

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

transformedadjectiveUS /trænˈsfɔːrmd/

given a completely different form or appearance

From this reading The dust-covered, worn-out fellow was transformed into a handsome youth.

veilsnounUS /veɪlz/

plural of “veil” — a garment that covers the head and face

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

victimsnounUS /ˈvɪktəmz/

plural of “victim” — an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The house of Hornecht, like nearly every other dwelling in the city, was the scene of the deepest mourning.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The archer's wife had died long before, but his daughter and her women received him with waving veils and loud lamentations; for the astrologer, his brother-in-law, had lost both his first-born son and his grandson, and the plague had snatched its victims from the homes of many a friend.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The men had shaved their hair, and the women had put dust on their foreheads.

worn-outadjective

used until no longer useful

From this reading The dust-covered, worn-out fellow was transformed into a handsome youth.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading But the senseless youth soon demanded all the care the women could bestow, and after bathing him and binding a healing ointment on the dangerous wound in his head, strong wine and food were placed before him, after which, refreshed and strengthened, he obeyed the summons of the daughter of his host.

Chapter 4 of Joshua — Volume 1 by Georg Ebers holds 99 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Joshua — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 99 sentences of Joshua — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Joshua — Volume 1 by Georg Ebers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 99 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Joshua — Volume 1?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Joshua — Volume 1

Common questions about reading Joshua — Volume 1 by Georg Ebers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Joshua — Volume 1?

Yes. All 802 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5467 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Joshua — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5467, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Joshua — Volume 1 take to read?

About 66 minutes of reading across 161 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Joshua — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Joshua — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Joshua — Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Joshua — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Joshua — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Grandfather
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Joshua — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Watch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Joshua — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Entreaty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Joshua — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Addressed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Joshua — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.