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Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08
Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Henry David Thoreau • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Nov.
15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.
It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.
The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.
The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Nov.
/noʊv/
Line 2
15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.
Line 3
It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.
Line 4
The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.
Line 5
The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

circumference noun US /ˌsɜːrˈkʌmfrəns/

the size of something as given by the distance around it

From this reading “It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
dogwood noun US /ˈdɔːɡwʊd/

a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers

From this reading “The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
lichen noun US /ˈlaɪkən/

any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading “15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Nov noun US /noʊv/

the month following October and preceding December

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sere adjective US /sɪr/

(used especially of vegetation) having lost all moisture

From this reading “The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
stripe noun US /straɪp/

an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material

From this reading “It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
uneven adjective US /əˈniːvən/

not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture

From this reading “It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
yellowish adjective US /ˈjeloʊɪʃ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading “The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fifteen inches noun + noun counted as “fifteen inch”

In this reading “It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.”

265 times in 426,212 chapters
in diameter preposition + noun

In this reading “It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.”

3,925 times in 426,212 chapters
about fifteen preposition + noun

In this reading “It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.”

2,948 times in 426,212 chapters
in width preposition + noun

In this reading “The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.”

2,040 times in 426,212 chapters
on a rock preposition + article + noun counted as “on … rock”

In this reading “15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.”

9,081 times in 426,212 chapters
in a meadow preposition + article + noun counted as “in … meadow”

In this reading “15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.”

2,947 times in 426,212 chapters

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

Pending verification
adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
berriesnounUS /ˈberiz/

plural of “berry” — any of numerous small and pulpy edible fruits; used as desserts or in making jams and jellies and preserves

From this reading The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
bluish-green

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.

Pending verification
byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
circumferencenounUS /ˌsɜːrˈkʌmfrəns/

the size of something as given by the distance around it

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
darkeradjectiveUS /ˈdɑːrkər/

comparative of “dark” — devoid of or deficient in light or brightness; shadowed or black

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
diameternounUS /daɪˈæmətər/

the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
dogwoodnounUS /ˈdɔːɡwʊd/

a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers

From this reading The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
handsomelyadverbUS /ˈhænsəmli/

in an attractively handsome manner

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
inchnounUS /ɪntʃ/

a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ivynounUS /ˈaɪvi/

Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits

From this reading The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
lamp-mat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Pending verification
leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
lichennounUS /ˈlaɪkən/

any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
meadownounUS /ˈmedoʊ/

a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
NovnounUS /noʊv/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading _Nov.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sand-colored

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.

Pending verification
sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sereadjectiveUS /sɪr/

(used especially of vegetation) having lost all moisture

From this reading The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
shadedadjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪdɪd/

protected from heat and light with shade or shadow

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
stripenounUS /straɪp/

an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
tea-green

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.

Pending verification
thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

Pending verification
unevenadjectiveUS /əˈniːvən/

not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading 15._ I saw to-day a very perfect lichen on a rock in a meadow.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
widthnounUS /wɪdθ/

the extent of something from side to side

From this reading The recent growth on the outside, half an inch in width, was a sort of tea-green or bluish-green color.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading It formed a perfect circle about fifteen inches in diameter though the rock was uneven, and was handsomely shaded by a darker stripe of older leaves, an inch or more wide, just within its circumference, like a rich lamp-mat.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
yellowishadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊɪʃ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading The ivy berries are now sere and yellowish, or sand-colored, like the berries of the dogwood.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Chapter 4 of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 by Henry David Thoreau holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 414 sentences of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 by Henry David Thoreau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08

Common questions about reading Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 by Henry David Thoreau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08?

Yes. All 6940 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59031 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59031, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 take to read?

About 578 minutes of reading across 1388 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 section by section

How to work through Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08

Words and structures a reader meets early in Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Inconsistent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hyphenation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spelling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Journal 02, 1850-September 15, 1851 — Volume 08; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.