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Jovinian
Jovinian

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Jovinian is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.
Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.
The flamen listened attentively to the remarks of his superior.
"By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."
"Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jovinian

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Jovinian is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.
Line 2
Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.
Line 3
The flamen listened attentively to the remarks of his superior.
Line 4
"By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."
Line 5
"Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abandonment noun US /əˈbændənmənt/

the act of giving something up

From this reading “"Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.”

guiding adjective US /ˈɡaɪdɪŋ/

exerting control or influence

From this reading “"By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."”

Immortals noun US /ˌɪˈmɔːrtəlz/

plural of “immortal” — a person (such as an author) of enduring fame

From this reading “"By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."”

infidelity noun US /ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti/

the quality of being unfaithful

From this reading “"Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.”

infliction noun US /ˌɪnˈflɪkʃən/

the act of imposing something (as a tax or an embargo)

From this reading “"Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.”

manuscripts noun US /ˈmænjəskrɪpts/

plural of “manuscript” — the form of a literary work submitted for publication

From this reading “Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.”

pestilence noun US /ˈpestələns/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading “"Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.”

proposes verb US /prəˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading “"By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

listened attentively verb + particle counted as “listen attentively”

In this reading “The flamen listened attentively to the remarks of his superior.”

depend on verb + particle

be contingent on

In this reading “"By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."”

carrying out verb + adjective counted as “carry out”

put in effect

In this reading “"By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."”

in the rear preposition + article + noun counted as “in … rear”

In this reading “He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.”

hide from verb + particle

In this reading “"Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

abandonmentnounUS /əˈbændənmənt/

the act of giving something up

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

amuseverbUS /əˈmjuːz/

occupy in an agreeable, entertaining or pleasant fashion

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

ApollonounUS /əˈpɑːloʊ/

(Greek mythology) Greek god of light; god of prophecy and poetry and music and healing; son of Zeus and Leto; twin brother of Artemis

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

attentivelyadverbUS /əˈtentɪvli/

with attention; in an attentive manner

From this reading The flamen listened attentively to the remarks of his superior.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

chestnounUS /tʃest/

the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

Coecus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

dependverbUS /dɪˈpend/

be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

despairnounUS /dɪˈsper/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

domiciliaryadjective

of or relating to or provided in a domicile

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

earthquakenounUS /ˈɜːrθkweɪk/

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

edificenounUS /ˈedəfəs/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

emperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

exclaimedverbUS /ɪkˈskleɪmd/

past form of “exclaim” — utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

Flaccus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

flamennoun

a priest who served a particular deity in ancient Rome

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

flamens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

Gaiusnoun

Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity; noted for his cruelty and tyranny; was assassinated (12-41)

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

grievedverbUS /ɡriːvd/

past form of “grieve” — feel grief

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

guidingadjectiveUS /ˈɡaɪdɪŋ/

exerting control or influence

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

hideverbUS /haɪd/

prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The flamen listened attentively to the remarks of his superior.

ImmortalsnounUS /ˌɪˈmɔːrtəlz/

plural of “immortal” — a person (such as an author) of enduring fame

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

infidelitynounUS /ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti/

the quality of being unfaithful

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

inflictionnounUS /ˌɪnˈflɪkʃən/

the act of imposing something (as a tax or an embargo)

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

Jovinian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

listenverbUS /ˈlɪsən/

hear with intention

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

listenedverbUS /ˈlɪsənd/

past form of “listen” — hear with intention

From this reading The flamen listened attentively to the remarks of his superior.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

manuscriptsnounUS /ˈmænjəskrɪpts/

plural of “manuscript” — the form of a literary work submitted for publication

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

occurverbUS /əˈkɜːr/

come to pass

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

patronisedadjective

having patronage or clients

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

payingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪɪŋ/

yielding a fair profit

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

persuadeverbUS /pərˈsweɪd/

win approval or support for

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

pestilencenounUS /ˈpestələns/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

proposesverbUS /prəˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

rearnounUS /rɪr/

the back of a military formation or procession

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

remarksnounUS /rɪˈmɑːrks/

plural of “remark” — a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading The flamen listened attentively to the remarks of his superior.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

sacredadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading The flamen listened attentively to the remarks of his superior.

templenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

unusualadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəl/

not usual or common or ordinary

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading "By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient manuscripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting.

worshipverbUS /ˈwɜːrʃəp/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading "Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the gods are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient worship; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity.

Chapter 2 of Jovinian by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Jovinian contain?

Chapter 2 holds 407 sentences of Jovinian, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Jovinian by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Jovinian?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Jovinian

Common questions about reading Jovinian by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Jovinian?

Yes. All 1747 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35910 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Jovinian is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35910, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Jovinian take to read?

About 145 minutes of reading across 350 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Jovinian section by section

How to work through Jovinian section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Jovinian to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Jovinian

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jovinian, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Jovinian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jovinian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kingston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jovinian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jovinian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pontiffs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Jovinian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.