Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Juana
Juana

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Juana is here in full — 203 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Juana
Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.
According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.
Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.
The place assumed a mongrel aspect.
Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow in petto their national tastes.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Juana

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Juana is here in full — 203 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.
Line 2
According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.
Line 3
Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.
Line 4
The place assumed a mongrel aspect.
Line 5
Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to followin pettotheir national tastes.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

administration noun US /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading “Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.”

commandant noun US /ˌkɑːmənˈdɑːnt/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.”

corps noun US /kɔːr/

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading “Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.”

intoxication noun US /ˌɪntɑːksəˈkeɪʃən/

the physiological state produced by a poison or other toxic substance

From this reading “According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.”

organized adjective US /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading “Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.”

pillage noun US /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading “According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.”

respective adjective US /rɪˈspektɪv/

considered individually

From this reading “Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.”

Spaniards noun US /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading “Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

AccordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

administrationnounUS /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading The place assumed a mongrel aspect.

assumedadjectiveUS /əˈsuːmd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading The place assumed a mongrel aspect.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

commandantnounUS /ˌkɑːmənˈdɑːnt/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

corpsnounUS /kɔːr/

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

disordernounUS /dɪˈsɔːrdər/

a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

fair-mindedadjective

of a person; just and impartial; not prejudiced

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

intoxicationnounUS /ˌɪntɑːksəˈkeɪʃən/

the physiological state produced by a poison or other toxic substance

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

Marechal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

mongrelnoun

derogatory term for a variation that is not genuine; something irregular or inferior or of dubious origin

From this reading The place assumed a mongrel aspect.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

NotwithstandingadverbUS /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

OrdernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

organizedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

petto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

pillagenounUS /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The place assumed a mongrel aspect.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

promptlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːmptli/

with little or no delay

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

quartered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

re-established

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

resemblancenounUS /rɪˈzembləns/

similarity in appearance or external or superficial details

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

respectiveadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektɪv/

considered individually

From this reading Order being re-established, each regiment quartered in its respective lines, and the commandant of the city appointed, military administration began.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

strikingadjectiveUS /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

Suchet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

suppressedadjectiveUS /səˈprest/

kept from public knowledge by various means

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

Tarragona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

tastesnounUS /teɪsts/

plural of “taste” — the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading According to certain fair-minded military men, this intoxication of victory bore a striking resemblance to pillage, though the marechal promptly suppressed it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Though all things were organized on a French system, the Spaniards were left free to follow “in petto” their national tastes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Notwithstanding the discipline which Marechal Suchet had introduced into his army corps, he was unable to prevent a short period of trouble and disorder at the taking of Tarragona.

Chapter 1 of Juana by Honoré de Balzac holds 203 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Juana contain?

Chapter 1 holds 203 sentences of Juana, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Juana by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 203 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Juana?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Juana

Common questions about reading Juana by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Juana?

Yes. All 1064 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1437 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Juana is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1437, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Juana take to read?

About 88 minutes of reading across 213 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Juana section by section

How to work through Juana section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of Juana to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Juana

Words and structures a reader meets early in Juana, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Notwithstanding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Juana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Discipline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Juana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marechal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Juana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Suchet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Juana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.