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Jude the Obscure
Jude the Obscure

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Jude the Obscure is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Jude the Obscure
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.
Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.
Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.
Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.
The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jude the Obscure

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Jude the Obscure is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.
Line 2
Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.
Line 3
Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.
Line 4
Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.
/dʒuːd felt dɪˈsætəsfaɪd wɪð hɪmˈself æz ə mæn æt wʌt hiː hæd dʌn ðoʊ əˈwer ʌv hɪz læk ʌv ˈkɑːmən sens ənd ðæt ðə diːd wʊd hæv əˈmaʊntɪd tuː ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɪf ˈkærid aʊt baɪ ˈdepjəti/
Line 5
The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amounted verb US /əˈmaʊntɪd/

past form of “amount” — be tantamount or equivalent to

From this reading “Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.”

deputy noun US /ˈdepjəti/

someone authorized to exercise the powers of sheriff in emergencies

From this reading “Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.”

dissatisfied adjective US /dɪˈsætəsfaɪd/

in a state of sulky dissatisfaction

From this reading “Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.”

illogical adjective US /ˌɪˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

lacking in correct logical relation

From this reading “The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.”

Jude noun US /dʒuːd/

(New Testament) supposed brother of St. James; one of the Apostles who is invoked in prayer when a situation seems hopeless

From this reading “Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.”

mended verb US /ˈmendɪd/

past form of “mend” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading “The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.”

scalding verb US /ˈskɔːldɪŋ/

-ing form of “scald” — subject to harsh criticism

From this reading “Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.”

scraping noun US /ˈskreɪpɪŋ/

(usually plural) a fragment scraped off of something and collected

From this reading “Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.

amountedverbUS /əˈmaʊntɪd/

past form of “amount” — be tantamount or equivalent to

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

Arabella

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.

bitternessnounUS /ˈbɪtərnəs/

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

Challow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading “You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

deednounUS /diːd/

a legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

deputynounUS /ˈdepjəti/

someone authorized to exercise the powers of sheriff in emergencies

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

dissatisfiedadjectiveUS /dɪˈsætəsfaɪd/

in a state of sulky dissatisfaction

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

fellow-mortal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

flavournoun

the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

illogicaladjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

lacking in correct logical relation

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

JudenounUS /dʒuːd/

(New Testament) supposed brother of St. James; one of the Apostles who is invoked in prayer when a situation seems hopeless

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

killingnounUS /ˈkɪlɪŋ/

an event that causes someone to die

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

laughedverbUS /læft/

past form of “laugh” — produce laughter

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

laughingadjectiveUS /ˈlæfɪŋ/

showing or feeling mirth or pleasure or happiness

From this reading “You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

lovernounUS /ˈlʌvər/

a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

mendedverbUS /ˈmendɪd/

past form of “mend” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

needn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.

neglectverbUS /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

scaldingverbUS /ˈskɔːldɪŋ/

-ing form of “scald” — subject to harsh criticism

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

scrapingnounUS /ˈskreɪpɪŋ/

(usually plural) a fragment scraped off of something and collected

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

stainedadjectiveUS /steɪnd/

marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Jude too laughed, but there was a strong flavour of bitterness in his amusement.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading The white snow, stained with the blood of his fellow-mortal, wore an illogical look to him as a lover of justice, not to say a Christian; but he could not see how the matter was to be mended.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Jude felt dissatisfied with himself as a man at what he had done, though aware of his lack of common sense, and that the deed would have amounted to the same thing if carried out by deputy.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “You needn’t be concerned about that,” said Arabella, laughing.

zealnounUS /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading Challow made up for his neglect of the killing by zeal in the scalding and scraping.

Chapter 4 of Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Jude the Obscure contain?

Chapter 4 holds 408 sentences of Jude the Obscure, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Jude the Obscure?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Jude the Obscure

Common questions about reading Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Vocabulary met early in Jude the Obscure

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jude the Obscure, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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