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Jude the Obscure
Jude the Obscure

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Jude the Obscure is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Jude the Obscure
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Wellto be sure!” he said, astonished.
Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.
Yes!” cried Arabella, laughing.
Here we are, just the same.
We ought to be ashamed of ourselves, oughtn’t we?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jude the Obscure

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Jude the Obscure is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Wellto be sure!” he said, astonished.
Line 2
Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.
Line 3
Yes!” cried Arabella, laughing.
Line 4
Here we are, just the same.
/hiːr wiː ɑːr dʒʌst ðə seɪm/
Line 5
We ought to be ashamed of ourselves, oughtn’t we?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

curtains noun US /ˈkɜːrtənz/

plural of “curtain” — hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading “Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.”

daylight noun US /ˈdeɪlaɪt/

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading “Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.”

earlier adverb US /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading “Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.”

eleven adjective US /ɪˈlevən/

being one more than ten

From this reading “Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.”

gas noun US /ɡæs/

the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading “Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.”

Hosts noun US /hoʊsts/

plural of “host” — a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading “Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.”

precisely adverb US /prɪˈsaɪsli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading “Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.”

smoking noun US /ˈsmoʊkɪŋ/

the act of smoking tobacco or other substances

From this reading “Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

Arabella

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Yes!” cried Arabella, laughing.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “Here we are, just the same.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

ashamedadjectiveUS /əˈʃeɪmd/

feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse

From this reading We ought to be ashamed of ourselves, oughtn’t we?

astonishedadjectiveUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃt/

filled with the emotional impact of overwhelming surprise or shock

From this reading “Well—to be sure!” he said, astonished.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “Well—to be sure!” he said, astonished.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

card-playingadjective

preoccupied with the pursuit of pleasure and especially games of chance

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading “Yes!” cried Arabella, laughing.

curtainsnounUS /ˈkɜːrtənz/

plural of “curtain” — hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

daylightnounUS /ˈdeɪlaɪt/

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

elevenadjectiveUS /ɪˈlevən/

being one more than ten

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

gasnounUS /ɡæs/

the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Well—to be sure!” he said, astonished.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading “Here we are, just the same.

HostsnounUS /hoʊsts/

plural of “host” — a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading “Here we are, just the same.

laughingadjectiveUS /ˈlæfɪŋ/

showing or feeling mirth or pleasure or happiness

From this reading “Yes!” cried Arabella, laughing.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading We ought to be ashamed of ourselves, oughtn’t we?

oughtn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We ought to be ashamed of ourselves, oughtn’t we?

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading We ought to be ashamed of ourselves, oughtn’t we?

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

preciselyadverbUS /prɪˈsaɪsli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “Well—to be sure!” he said, astonished.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading “Here we are, just the same.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

smokingnounUS /ˈsmoʊkɪŋ/

the act of smoking tobacco or other substances

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading “Well—to be sure!” he said, astonished.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Well—to be sure!” he said, astonished.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “Here we are, just the same.

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading “Well—to be sure!” he said, astonished.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Hosts and guests were sitting card-playing, smoking, and talking, precisely as he had left them eleven hours earlier; the gas was burning and the curtains drawn, though it had been broad daylight for two hours out of doors.

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading “Yes!” cried Arabella, laughing.

Chapter 21 of Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy holds 399 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Jude the Obscure contain?

Chapter 21 holds 399 sentences of Jude the Obscure, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 399 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Jude the Obscure?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Jude the Obscure

Common questions about reading Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Jude the Obscure?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Jude the Obscure is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Jude the Obscure take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Jude the Obscure

Words and structures a reader meets early in Jude the Obscure, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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