Chapter III

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

an anniversary of the day on which a person was born (or the celebration of it)

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

the social class between the lower and upper classes

From this reading For the burghers he wrote lampoons against the nobles; for the nobles, skits against the _bourgeoisie_.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the burghers he wrote lampoons against the nobles; for the nobles, skits against the _bourgeoisie_.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

a large and stately mansion

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

possessive form of “emperor” — the male ruler of an empire

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

at any time

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

plural of “exception” — a deliberate act of omission

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

-ing form of “exhort” — spur on or encourage especially by cheers and shouts

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

a person of German nationality

From this reading Like Walter, he was a political poet, though not a one-sided one, like the German singer.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the burghers he wrote lampoons against the nobles; for the nobles, skits against the _bourgeoisie_.

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Like Walter, he was a political poet, though not a one-sided one, like the German singer.

the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

the position of magistrate

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

past form of “negotiate” — discuss the terms of an arrangement

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Like Walter, he was a political poet, though not a one-sided one, like the German singer.

plural of “ode” — a lyric poem with complex stanza forms

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

not reversible or capable of having either side out

From this reading Like Walter, he was a political poet, though not a one-sided one, like the German singer.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Like Walter, he was a political poet, though not a one-sided one, like the German singer.

the property of being smooth and shiny

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Like Walter, he was a political poet, though not a one-sided one, like the German singer.

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

a feeling of great happiness

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

a person who sings

From this reading Like Walter, he was a political poet, though not a one-sided one, like the German singer.

plural of “skit” — a short theatrical episode

From this reading For the burghers he wrote lampoons against the nobles; for the nobles, skits against the _bourgeoisie_.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

agitating a liquid with an implement

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Like Walter, he was a political poet, though not a one-sided one, like the German singer.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

German conductor (1876-1962)

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

past form of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He read stirring war-songs against Austria to the nobles, and then, by order of the magistracy, composed odes for the emperor's birthday.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

at the time that

From this reading He, too, gained less by his learning than by his genius; he, too, wandered from castle to castle, exhorting the nobles to justice--rejoicing when he received a new coat or negotiated a loan, for I doubt if any one ever borrowed so much.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Thaddeus von Wiliszenski was, with some exceptions, a Polish Walter von der Vogelweide.

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading For the burghers he wrote lampoons against the nobles; for the nobles, skits against the _bourgeoisie_.