Chapter II · Chapter 2

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

a youthful male person

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

the act of offering an improvement to replace a mistake; setting right

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

-ing form of “disobey” — refuse to go along with; refuse to follow; be disobedient

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

apart from; not including

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

something many people believe that is false

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

made afraid

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

plural of “get” — a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

third-person singular of “harden” — become hard or harder

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading THE HORSE.

characteristic of humanity

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

be the source of pain

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

engage in

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

absolutely essential

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

a condition requiring relief

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

many times at short intervals

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

and nothing more

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

in other respects or ways

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

the act of punishing

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

refusal to accept some authority or code or convention

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

express in words

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

a thing, without saying which

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE HORSE.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The great mistake that people seem to me to make about animals is this: they fancy that they must be frightened into obedience, and kept from disobeying their masters by being made afraid of punishment.

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

being of use or service

From this reading I dare say that animals, like human beings, often need correction; but two things are necessary to make such correction useful.

at the time that

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading One is, not to punish them too severely, which only hardens them in rebellion; the other is, never to hurt them at all except for a real fault--something that they know to be a fault, and know that they will be punished for doing.

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading Otherwise, the poor beast, not knowing when or why it may be beaten, gets confused and foolish, and does wrong, as any boy might do, from being in a great fright.