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King Richard III
King Richard III

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of King Richard III is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
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Buck.
My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.
You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.
These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.
By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

King Richard III

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of King Richard III is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Buck.
/bʌk/
Line 2
My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.
Line 3
You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.
Line 4
These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.
Line 5
By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

argues verb US /ˈɑːrɡjuːz/

third-person singular of “argue” — present reasons and arguments

From this reading “My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.”

declension noun US /dəˈklenʃən/

the inflection of nouns and pronouns and adjectives in Indo-European languages

From this reading “These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.”

distressed adjective US /dɪˈstrest/

facing or experiencing financial trouble or difficulty

From this reading “These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.”

Edwards noun US /ˈedwərdz/

American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)

From this reading “You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.”

Petitioner noun US /pəˈtɪʃənər/

one praying humbly for something

From this reading “These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.”

substitute verb US /ˈsʌbstətuːt/

put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items

From this reading “You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.”

Vow verb US /vaʊ/

make a vow; promise

From this reading “You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.”

wanton verb US /ˈwɔːntən/

waste time; spend one's time idly or inefficiently

From this reading “These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

after-noone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

afterwardadverbUS /ˈæftərwərd/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

arguesverbUS /ˈɑːrɡjuːz/

third-person singular of “argue” — present reasons and arguments

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

Beautie-waining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

BednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

betroth'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

Bigamie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

Bona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

BrothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

BuckverbUS /bʌk/

to strive with determination

From this reading Buck.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.

Care-cras'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

ConsciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

contractverbUS /ˈkɑːntrækt/

enter into a contractual arrangement

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

dayes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

declensionnounUS /dəˈklenʃən/

the inflection of nouns and pronouns and adjectives in Indo-European languages

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

distressedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrest/

facing or experiencing financial trouble or difficulty

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

EdwardsnounUS /ˈedwərdz/

American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

Euen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

EyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.

GracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

liues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

loath'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

Lucie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

MadeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

MannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

niceadjectiveUS /naɪs/

pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.

PetitionernounUS /pəˈtɪʃənər/

one praying humbly for something

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

pitchnounUS /pɪtʃ/

the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

poore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.

prizenounUS /praɪz/

something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

purchasenounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

respectsnounUS /rɪˈspekts/

(often used with “pay”) a formal expression of esteem

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

Seduc'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

SisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

Sonne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

Sonnes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

substituteverbUS /ˈsʌbstətuːt/

put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

thereofadverbUS /ˌðeˈrʌv/

of or concerning this or that

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

triuiall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

vnlawfull

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.

VowverbUS /vaʊ/

make a vow; promise

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

wantonverbUS /ˈwɔːntən/

waste time; spend one's time idly or inefficiently

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading By her, in his vnlawfull Bed, he got This Edward, whom our Manners call the Prince.

WidownounUS /ˈwɪdoʊ/

a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading These both put off, a poore Petitioner, A Care-cras'd Mother to a many Sonnes, A Beautie-waining, and distressed Widow, Euen in the after-noone of her best dayes, Made prize and purchase of his wanton Eye, Seduc'd the pitch, and height of his degree, To base declension, and loath'd Bigamie.

WifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

Witnesse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You say, that Edward is your Brothers Sonne, So say we too, but not by Edwards Wife: For first was he contract to Lady Lucie, Your Mother liues a Witnesse to his Vow; And afterward by substitute betroth'd To Bona, Sister to the King of France.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading My Lord, this argues Conscience in your Grace, But the respects thereof are nice, and triuiall, All circumstances well considered.

Chapter 8 of King Richard III by William Shakespeare holds 162 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of King Richard III contain?

Chapter 8 holds 162 sentences of King Richard III, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of King Richard III by William Shakespeare exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 162 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of King Richard III?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading King Richard III

Common questions about reading King Richard III by William Shakespeare on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of King Richard III?

Yes. All 1981 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1103 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of King Richard III is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1103, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does King Richard III take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 397 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in King Richard III

Words and structures a reader meets early in King Richard III, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Addition
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Notes
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Below
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Think
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